56) One reason people resist change in an organization is that they are afraid their skill set will
be obsolete.
57) People may resist change based on habit.
58) Negotiation involves bringing those affected by change into the decision-making process.
59) Manipulation involves the use of direct threats against the resisters.
60) Coercion involves the use of covert attempts to influence others.
61) A disadvantage of coercion is that it may be illegal and may undermine the change agent’s
credibility.
62) Why do people resist change?
63) List and explain the techniques for reducing resistance to change.
64) Which of the following is a favorable condition that will facilitate a cultural change?
A) the organization has a huge workforce
B) the organization has a long existence
C) a dramatic crisis occurs
D) a stable leadership exists
65) Cultural change is most likely to take place when ________.
A) the organization is old
B) the organization is large
C) the culture is strong
D) there is a leadership change
66) Which of the following is a strategy for managing cultural change?
A) Support employees who remain devoted to the old values.
B) Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values.
C) Keep the same stories and rituals.
D) Allow subcultures to flourish.
67) ________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from
extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.
A) Euphoria
B) Stress
C) Degeneration
D) Disease
68) A ________ prevents an individual from doing what he desires.
A) constraint
B) demand
C) lien
D) necessity
69) For ________, the outcome must be unknown, and the outcome must be important.
A) uncertainty to become stress
B) habit to become stressful
C) potential stress to become actual stress
D) personal loss to become stress
70) ________ are factors related to an employee’s job and include the design of a person’s job,
working conditions, and the physical work layout.
A) Task demands
B) Role demands
C) Interpersonal demands
D) Psychological demands
71) ________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.
A) Role ambiguity
B) Role conflict
C) Role overload
D) Role demand
72) A ________ personality is characterized by chronic feelings of a sense of time urgency, an
excessive competitive drive, and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time.
A) Type X
B) Type Y
C) Type A
D) Type B
73) Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of ________.
A) physical, economic, and legal
B) physical, psychological, and behavioral
C) physical, psychological, and cultural
D) physical, political, and social
74) Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress?
A) changes in metabolism
B) changes in productivity
C) changes in attitude
D) changes in mood
75) Which of the following is an example of a psychological symptom of stress?
A) changes in metabolism
B) increased heart and breathing rate
C) irritability
D) changes in productivity
76) Changes in eating habits are a ________ symptom of stress.
A) physical
B) psychological
C) behavioral
D) financial
77) Which of the following is true regarding reduction of employee stress?
A) In order to reduce stress, managers should make sure that the employee’s abilities match the
job requirements.
B) A realistic job preview during the selection process maximizes stress by reducing ambiguity
over job expectations.
C) Improved organizational communications maximizes ambiguity-induced stress.
D) Job redesigns that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain
social support increase stress.
78) Managers offer ________ to employees who want to talk to someone about their problems.
A) wellness programs
B) time management programs
C) employee counseling
D) performance planning programs
79) A ________ helps employees whose personal lives suffer from a lack of planning to sort out
their priorities.
A) time management program
B) wellness program
C) life insurance program
D) health and wellness program
80) How can managers increase the likelihood of making change happen successfully?
A) They should realize that they are just change agents not change leaders.
B) They should discourage entrepreneurial mindsets.
C) They should give individual employees a role in the change process.
D) They should adapt the changes made by their competitors.
81) A change capable organization ________.
A) links the present and the future
B) seeks incremental changes
C) encourages group-think
D) follows its competitor’s footsteps
82) Which of the following is a characteristic of a change-capable organization?
A) separates the present and the future
B) makes controlling a way of life
C) encourages group-think
D) shelters breakthroughs
83) Cultural change is easier when the organizational culture is strong.
84) Cultural change is likely to take place when a dramatic crisis occurs.
85) A leadership change can facilitate cultural change.
86) Stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from
extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.
87) Stress can be caused by personal factors and by job-related factors.
88) Stress symptoms can be categorized as physical, psychological, and psychomotor.
89) A realistic job preview during the selection process minimizes stress by reducing task
overload.
90) What are the conditions that facilitate cultural change?
91) Write a short essay on stress, particularly as it relates to the workplace.
92) What are stressors? Discuss the five major categories of organizational stressors.
93) ________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual
associations between ideas.
A) Innovation
B) Alteration
C) Creativity
D) Change
94) ________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work
method.
A) Innovation
B) Inspiration
C) Creativity
D) Ingenuity
95) Which of the following is an example of a cultural variable that fosters innovation?
A) abundant resources
B) low external controls
C) low specialization
D) high job security
96) When a member of her team offers an “off-the-wall” solution to a team problem, Martina has
to contend with what cultural variable?
A) tolerance of conflict
B) tolerance of risk
C) tolerance of the impractical
D) focus on ends
97) Which of the following is a structural variable that supports innovation?
A) work and non-work support
B) tolerance of conflict
C) focus on ends
D) high job security
98) An innovative culture is likely to have ________.
A) high external controls
B) low tolerance of risks
C) closed-system focus
D) tolerance of conflict
99) Edwin would like to increase the level of creativity and innovation in his department. One
step he could take would be to ________.
A) decrease external control
B) decrease diversity of opinions
C) reduce resources
D) resolve conflict
100) Which of the following human resource variables is supportive of organizational
innovation?
A) minimal time pressure
B) less creative people
C) high interunit communication
D) abundant resources
101) Earnest’s team works well when given “big picture” goals and allowed to develop ideas
without detailed explanations or guidance. This would indicate Earnest’s team is ________.
A) tolerant of conflict
B) an open-system focus team
C) tolerant of risk
D) accepting of ambiguity
102) ________ actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome
resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented.
A) Idea champions
B) Idea developers
C) Idea generators
D) Idea screeners
103) Most idea champions ________.
A) have extremely high self-confidence
B) are lethargic
C) avoid risks
D) are relenting
104) Design thinking can provide a process for ________.
A) brainstorming
B) coming up with things that don’t exist
C) experimenting with customers
D) connecting idea champions in the design department with marketing experts
105) Creativity refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual
associations between ideas.
106) Design thinking can do for innovation what TQM did for quality.
107) List a few cultural characteristics that an innovative organization possesses.