Chapter 06: Employee Selection
143. Briefly explain the different types of employment tests.
• Cognitive ability tests measure mental capabilities such as general intelligence, verbal fluency,
numerical ability, and reasoning ability.
• Biographical data tests (biodata tests) collect biographical information about candidates who has
shown to correlate with on-the-job success. Candidates are questioned about events and behaviors that
reflect attitudes, experiences, interests, skills, and abilities.
• Personality and interest inventories measure dispositional characteristics such as the big five
personality traits of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to
experience.
• Physical ability tests assess a job candidate’s physical abilities, such as strength and endurance.
• Job knowledge tests are a type of achievement test designed to measure a person’s level of
understanding about a particular job.
• Job sample tests, or work sample tests, require the job applicant to perform tasks that are actually part
of the work required on the job.
• Students may also discuss Honesty/Integrity testing, Polygraph testing, Medical exams, Drug testing
and Biodata tests.
144. Compare and contrast the following four interview approaches: (1) nondirective interview, (2) structured interview,
(3) situational interview, and (4) behavioral description interview.
In a nondirective interview, the interviewer allows the applicant the maximum amount of freedom in
determining the course of the discussion. The interviewer asks broad, general questions, but permits the
applicant to talk freely with little interruption. The greater freedom afforded to the applicant in the
nondirective interview is particularly valuable in bringing to the interviewer’s attention any information,
attitudes, or feelings that may be concealed by a more structured approach. However, the unstructured nature
of this approach limits the consistency of information provided and makes it difficult to cross-check agreement
with other interviewers. Thus, the reliability and validity of the nondirective approach are suspected.
The structured interview has a number of standard questions asked of each job applicant. Questions are job-
related based upon job analysis. Since applicants are asked identical questions, the structured interview
provides a more consistent basis for evaluating job candidates. This interview strives to maximize the validity
of selection decisions.
With the situational interview, the applicant is given a hypothetical incident and asked to respond how he or
she would handle it. Responses are evaluated relative to preestablished benchmark standards.
Behavioral description interviews focus on actual work incidents in the interviewee’s past and what the