3 Key
1.
(p. 78)
All computers are systems of input, processing, output, storage, and distribution components.
2.
(p. 81)
The first electronic digital computer was completed in the 1960s.
3.
(p. 83)
Personal computers, network servers, and technical workstations are terms used to highlight
major uses of particular types of computers.
4.
(p. 83)
Experts predict the merging or disappearance of several computer categories. For example,
many midrange and mainframe systems have been made obsolete by the power and
versatility of client/server networks composed of microcomputers and servers.
5.
(p. 83)
Network servers are the most important category of computer systems for both
businesspeople and individual consumers.
6.
(p. 83)
The computing power of microcomputers currently exceeds that of the mainframe computer of
previous generations, at a fraction of the cost.
7.
(p. 83)
Some microcomputers are powerful enough to support applications with heavy mathematical
computing and graphics display demands, such as computer-aided design (CAD) or
investment analysis.
8.
(p. 83)
Network servers are some of the less powerful microcomputers; they are used to coordinate
telecommunications and resource sharing in small LANs and in Internet and intranet
websites.
9.
(p. 85)
The top criteria for corporate PC ownership are operating system ready, connectivity, solid
performance, and global compatibility.
10.
(p. 84)
Today’s corporate buyers seek networked PCs equipped with reliable wireless capabilities.
11.
(p. 86)
Web-enabled personal digital assistants use touch screens, pen-based handwriting
recognition, or keyboards, so mobile workers can send and receive e-mail, access the Web,
and exchange information with their desktop PCs or Web servers.
12.
(p. 87–88)
Midrange computers are often used as network servers in order to help manage large Internet
websites, corporate intranets and extranets, and client/server networks.
13.
(p. 88)
Microcomputers can act as powerful workstations for computer-aided design and other
computation and graphics-intensive applications.
14.
(p. 90)
A RIM Blackberry combines a mobile phone, a music and video player, and an Internet
communications device.
15.
(p. 93)
The function of an input device is to interpret computer program instructions and to transmit
directions to the other components of the computer system.
16.
(p. 93)
The central processing unit (CPU) is the main processing component of a computer system.
17.
(p. 93)
The output devices of a computer system can include video display units, scanners, and
printers.
18.
(p. 93)
The control unit of the CPU interprets instructions and directs processing.
19.
(p. 94)
The clock speed of a microprocessor today is commonly expressed in teraflops; earlier
microcomputer speeds were reported in gigahertz.
20.
(p. 94)
Moore’s Law refers to the exponential growth in the number of transistors per integrated
circuit, which quadruples computer power every six months.
21.
(p. 97)
When discussing the concept of a computer system, peripherals is the generic name given to
all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system.
22.
(p. 97)
Peripherals depend on direct connections or telecommunications links to the central
processing unit of a computer system.
23.
(p. 97)
Offline devices are separate from, but can be electronically connected to and controlled by, a
CPU.
24.
(p. 97)
A pointing stick is the most popular pointing device used today.
25.
(p. 97)
A trackball is a type of pointing device that converts drawings and other graphic images into
digital data in order to enter it into a computer system.
26.
(p. 100)
Some touch screens emit a grid of infrared beams or sound waves that is broken when the
screen is touched.
27.
(p. 101)
Pen-based computing technologies are being used in many hand-held computers and
personal digital assistants.
28.
(p. 101)
Speech recognition systems typically require training the computer to recognize your voice
and its unique sound patterns in order to achieve a high degree of accuracy.
29.
(p. 102)
Speaker independent voice recognition systems allow a computer to understand a few words
from a voice it has never heard before.
30.
(p. 103)
Optical scanning enables the direct entry of data from source documents into a computer
system.
31.
(p. 103)
OCR technology is used to read codes on merchandise tags, product labels, credit card
receipts, and other documents.
32.
(p. 105)
The dark, magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards can hold about 200 gigabytes of
information.
33.
(p. 105)
Smart cards, a form of input technology that contains an embedded microprocessor chip, are
becoming popular in the United States for use in debit and credit cards.
34.
(p. 105)
Digital cameras and digital video cameras enable users to shoot, store, and download still
photos or full-motion video and audio onto their PCs.
35.
(p. 105)
Video displays and printed documents have been, and still are, the most common forms of
output from computer systems.
36.
(p. 106)
Advances in video monitor technology, such as active matrix and dual scan capabilities, have
improved the color, but not the clarity, of LCD displays.
37.
(p. 106)
Printing information on paper is the most common form of information output.
38.
(p. 107–
108)
One of the major trends in secondary storage has been toward massive capacities using
magnetic and optical media.
39.
(p. 107–
108)
High speed storage media cost less per byte and provide higher capacities than lower-speed
storage media.
40.
(p. 108)
Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or absence or
electronic or magnetic signals to the computer. This is called a “bi-state” representation of
data, because the computer and the media can exhibit only two states or conditions.
41.
(p. 108)
A byte typically consists of ten bits and represents one character of data in most computer
coding schemes.
42.
(p. 109)
Magnetic tape devices are frequently called direct access storage devices (DASDs), while
magnetic disks are known as sequential access devices.
43.
(p. 109)
The terms direct access and random access describe the same concept.
44.
(p. 110)
The primary storage (main memory) of a computer consists of microelectronic semiconductor
memory chips.
45.
(p. 110)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is non-volatile memory.
46.
(p. 101)
ROM chips are widely used as a primary storage medium because they can be erased and
overwritten.
47.
(p. 112)
Magnetic disks are common forms of secondary storage because they provide fast access
and high storage capacity at a reasonable cost.
48.
(p. 113)
RAID disk units provide fault tolerant storage capacity because data can be recovered from
backup copies stored on other disks should one disk fail.
49.
(p. 113)
Magnetic tapes are no longer used by businesses today because the cost of storage on tape
is very expensive compared to other types of storage media.
50.
(p. 114)
Most CD-ROM disks can hold more than 600 megabytes of information.
51.
(p. 114)
The main advantage of CD-R (compact disk-recordable) disks is that they enable recorded
data to be erased many times.
52.
(p. 114)
DVD+RW+R with CD-RW provides an all-in-one drive for burning DVD-RW or DVD-R disks,
burning CDs, and reading DVDs and CDs.
53.
(p. 115)
Active RFID chips are self-powered and must be close to the reader to transmit their signal.
54.
(p. 115)
RFID chips may be attached to objects, but cannot be injected into them because it interferes
with radio signal transmission.
55.
(p. 117)
The use of RFID technology poses concerns for privacy issues.
56.
(p. 118)
It is predicted that in the future we will be able to back up our biological memories.
57.
(p. 78)
Computer systems rely on all the following components except _______________.
58.
(p. 78)
Computer systems rely on which of the following components?
59.
(p. 78)
The mechanical loom was invented by _______________.
60.
(p. 81)
The first generation of computers relied on _______________.
61.
(p. 81)
The second generation of computers relied on _______________.
62.
(p. 81)
In the 1950s, _______________ were invented and quickly replaced the thousands of vacuum
tubes used in electronic computers.
63.
(p. 81)
The third generation of computers relied on _______________.
64.
(p. 81)
The first electronic digital computer was completed in the _______________.
65.
(p. 82)
The _______________ generation of computers was characterized by further miniaturization
of circuits, increased multiprogramming, and virtual storage memory.
66.
(p. 83)
_______________ are the most important category of computer systems for both
businesspeople and individual consumers.
67.
(p. 83)
According to the text, which of the following is considered by millions of computer users to be
the primary function of the desktop PC?
68.
(p. 83)
Which of the following statements best describes a workstation computer?
69.
(p. 83)
__________ are some of the more powerful microcomputers; they are used to coordinate
telecommunications and resource sharing in small LANs and in Internet and intranet
websites.
70.
(p. 86)
According to the text, using web-enabled PDAs allows workers to realize all the following
benefits except:
71.
(p. 86)
An intelligent terminal that can perform data entry and some information processing tasks
independently is called a _______________ terminal.
72.
(p. 86)
Which of the following does not apply to a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
73.
(p. 86)
Personal digital assistants most commonly use which of these technologies?
74.
(p. 86)
What sets the RIM BlackBerry apart from other wireless PDA solutions?
75.
(p. 86)
A BlackBerry ____________________.
76.
(p. 88)
_______________ are high-end network servers that handle large-scale processing of
business applications.
77.
(p. 88)
_______________ are popular as powerful network servers to help manage large Internet
Websites, intranets, and extranets.
78.
(p. 88)
Which of the following is a common application for a midrange computer?
79.
(p. 89)
According to the text, which of the following is not true of Mainframes?