c) operations research
d) participative management
39) Which of these explains the study of how organizations produce goods and services?
a) Marketing operations
b) Operations management
c) Contingency practice
d) Learning practice
40) Which of these transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs?
a) Top management
b) Closed system
c) Open system
d) Contingency plan
41) Modern management thinking would suggest that ________.
a) a “best” way to manage does exist
b) the discovery of a workable process can be transferred to all other organizations
c) once a process is perfected, it will not have to be changed
d) the best answer to what works “depends” on the situation
e) people are usually on the same page and they can be managed similarly
42) Matching management practices with different situations is called ________.
a) classical management
b) situational analysis
c) contingency thinking
d) administrative management
43) If your roommate asks you to identify the best management style, what would you say?
a) Classical
b) Participative
c) Administrative
d) It depends on the situation
44) Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product
quality, and customer needs is called ________.
a) a learning organization
b) operations management
c) management by objectives
d) total quality management
45) ________ involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and
performance.
a) Operations management
b) Continuous improvement
c) Quantitative analysis
d) Operations research
Question type: True/False
46) Taylor’s scientific management sought efficiency in job performance.
47) The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency for the benefit of
the company.
48) The most formidable aspect of scientific management is that it emphasizes creativity and risk
taking.
49) Workers, in an ideal bureaucracy, are selected and promoted on ability and performance.
50) Weber is credited as being the first to acknowledge and advocate that bureaucracies are
inefficient forms of organization that should be avoided.
51) The work by Henri Fayol can help you understand the functions that you must perform as the
manager of a student organization.
52) Fayol’s management rule of coordination provides and mobilizes resources to implement a
plan.
53) Follett argued that organizations are like communities, where managers and employees
should work together without a spirit of domination.
54) Follett would say that the successful 21st-century executive must be an inspiring leader who
attracts talented people and motivates them in a setting where everyone can do his or her best
work.
55) The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working conditions and worker
performance.
56) The reason that worker “human needs” are important to managers is that these needs can
cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and behaviors.
57) Maslow believed that there was no order in which human needs were fulfilled.
58) Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X behaviors in your
employees.
59) The essence of Argyris’ work is that management practices should fit the capabilities of the
employees they are used to.
60) Another way to look at the work by Chris Argyris is that undesirable employee behaviors
may be as much a reflection of a poor management system as it is a matter of poor employees.
61) Operations management is the study of how organizations produce goods and services.
62) Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent upon the unique
situation faced by each manager. In other words, there is no one “best” way.
63) Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous improvement.
64) Author and researcher Malcolm Gladwell, in the book Outliers, successfully argues that
great leaders are born, not made.
65) Scientific management is associated with the management scholar ___.
66) ___ is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions.
67) The ___ is an organizational form known for its clear division of labor, structure, hierarchy
of authority, and formalized rules and procedures.
68) ___ is considered a prophet of management and one of the most important American women
in the fields of civics and sociology.
69) Following the scientific management era, management thinking moved to include a(n) ___
perspective.
70) The ___ studies at the Western Electric Company in Chicago demonstrated the influence of
manager treatment of employees on employee performance.
71) The highest order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is ___.
72) McGregor’s work focuses on opposing views of human nature, a positive view known as ___
and a negative view known as ___.
73) ___ is the systemic use and analysis of data to solve problems and make informed decisions.
74) The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called ___.
75) The belief that there is no one best way to manage was called ___.
76) Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product
quality, and customer needs is called ___.
77) A(n) ___ consistently achieves excellence while creating a high-quality work environment.
78) Compare the scientific management and the behavioral management approaches. Which is
best?
79) Why is it necessary for today’s organizations to embrace contingency thinking?
80) What were the Hawthorne studies about? Discuss their purpose, the process, and the results.
81) What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Define each of them beginning with the most basic.
82) Discuss and compare McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.
