Chapter 02: Strategy and Human Resources Planning
83. As companies diversify into new businesses, managers are inevitably faced with a make or __________ decision.
84. Describe the basics of SWOT analysis as it relates to strategy formulation.
A comparison of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is referred to as a SWOT analysis. A SWOT
analysis helps executives summarize the major facts and forecasts derived from external and internal analyses.
Strategy formulation builds on SWOT analysis to use the strengths of an organization to capitalize on
opportunities, counteract threats, and alleviate internal weaknesses. In short, strategy formulation moves from
simple analysis to devising a coherent course of action.
85. Describe the criteria necessary for firms to achieve sustained competitive advantage through people.
For an organization to achieve sustained competitive advantage through people, four criteria must be met.
1. The resources that are developed must be of value to the organization. People are a source of
competitive advantage when they improve the efficiency or effectiveness of the organization. This
value is increased when employees find ways to decrease costs, provide something unique to
customers, or some combination of the two.
2. The resources must be rare. People are a source of competitive advantage when their skills,
knowledge, and abilities are not equally available to competitors.
3. People are a source of competitive advantage when employee capabilities and contributions are
inimitable, or cannot be copied by other firms. For example, companies such as Disney, Southwest
Airlines, and Starbucks are known for creating unique cultures that get the most from employees and
are difficult to imitate.
4. People are a source of competitive advantage when the resources are organized in such a way that
their talents can be combined and deployed to work on new assignments at a moment’s notice.
86. Describe the three key elements of the HR forecasting model.
The three key elements in the HR forecasting process are: (1) forecasting the demand for labor, (2) forecasting
the supply of labor, and (3) balancing supply and demand considerations.
Employment forecasting involves estimating in advance the number and type of people needed to meet
organizational objectives. It may involve a quantitative approach using statistical analysis and mathematical
models or a qualitative approach focusing on employee performance and promotability.
qualifications are to be found to fill vacancies.