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Management, 9e (Kinicki)
Chapter 2 Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager
1) Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton believed that evidence-based management is founded on the
belief that facing the hard facts about what works and accepting the nonsense that passes for sound
advice will help organizations perform better.
2) Peter Drucker was a 20th-century socialist, opposed capitalism and believed that managers were
more of a hindrance than a help to most organizations.
3) Ron, a plant manager, wants to institute a compensation system in which more efficient workers
earn higher wages. Ron is proposing to institute a differential rate system.
4) Boltz Manufacturing, a parts supplier to the auto industry, has been using the behavioral
approach to management for over 100 years. However, since that method of management is too
simplistic for practical use, Boltz should begin implementing the newer and more sophisticated
human relations movement approach to management, which is the most contemporary approach to
management.
5) The idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their
individual effects is called syncretism.
6) The Best Fit Office Supplier continually talks with customers after they purchase their products,
and The Best Fit managers regularly visit customers to gather feedback on new products, product
improvements, and how The Best Fit can better serve its customers. This is an example of an open
system.
7) When Mr. Anderson, the owner of a local hardware store, asks one of his paint suppliers about
the total ability of their product to meet customer needs, he is questioning the quality of that paint.
8) Designer Manufacturing has a policy of using statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just
some (rather than all) of the items in a particular production run. This strategy of minimizing errors
is known as synergy.
9) A local grocer routinely develops and acquires new knowledge, and the employees
communicate what they learn to other employees, so the company is able to modify its behavior to
reflect what they have learned. This organization is an example of a learning organization.
10) ________ is based on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and what doesn't
will help organizations perform better.
A) Scientific management
B) The quality-management viewpoint
C) Evidence-based management
D) Behavioral management
E) MBO
11) When faced with a business problem, Lauren, a young shoe store owner, discusses business
problems with Kurt, the assistant manager and an employee for over 30 years. Lauren believes
Kurt "has seen it all" and knows there are few really new ideas; plus the business has done many
simple things, such as offering friendly service, to create and maintain a competitive edge.
Lauren's management style is best described as
A) evidence-based.
B) behavioral.
C) family style.
D) contingency.
E) bottom-up.
12) Which three approaches to management are considered historical perspectives?
A) systems, contingency, quality management
B) classical, scientific, quantitative
C) classical, operations, scientific
D) contemporary, historical, scientific
E) classical, behavioral, quantitative
13) Within his company, Vernon has set up a system with inputs, outputs, transformation
processes, and feedback. He utilizes a management style that varies according to the individual
and environmental situation, with a strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of
production. Vernon is utilizing a ________ perspective.
A) historical
B) traditional
C) qualitative
D) contemporary
E) behavioral
14) Which of the following is a key benefit of studying theoretical perspectives on management?
A) They are effective cost-reduction tools.
B) They emphasize diversity.
C) They are effective synergy-building approaches.
D) They build a strong family-type culture.
E) They serve as a guide to action and a source of new ideas.
15) The classical viewpoint of management emphasized ways to
A) manage work more efficiently.
B) build more synergy.
C) work efficiently based on the environment.
D) include MBO.
E) increase diversity.
16) Chenglei, an IT manager, has been studying the actions that his workers perform in an attempt
to improve their productivity. Chenglei is utilizing
A) job evaluation
B) management science.
C) behaviorism.
D) the Hawthorne effect.
E) scientific management.
17) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of motion that they called
A) movements.
B) time frames.
C) therbligs.
D) units.
E) action works.
18) Adrianne is a package delivery service manager. She is interested in implementing ________,
the management philosophy pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,
which scientifically studies work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers. In
this particular case, Adrianne will study the routes that drivers take through a congested to city in
order to identify ways that delivery staff can make the most deliveries in each two-hour period.
A) human relations management
B) scientific management
C) quantitative management
D) contingency management
E) management science
19) Sari, a movie theater manager, recently implemented a policy stating that workers who are
willing to work a double shift on Friday or Saturday nights will earn a bonus on top of their regular
pay. What is Sari implementing?
A) sliding pay scale
B) differential rate system
C) skimming profit margin
D) entitling employee payment
E) piece-rate method
20) Arthur, a production manager, knows that some of his employees are upset with a new
corporate policy that eliminates a tuition reimbursement program. As a result, some of these
employees are reducing their productivity. To eliminate this behavior, Sal should
A) reduce the use of scientific principles in planning work methods.
B) carefully select workers according to their abilities and give workers training.
C) reduce training, but increase MBO.
D) place workers in any vacant position which focuses on their abilities.
E) meet with each employee and coach him/her.
21) A pay structure in which more efficient workers earn higher wages, as suggested by Frederick
W. Taylor, is known as a(n) ________ system.
A) sliding scale
B) increasing wage
C) differential rate
D) wide wage
E) merit pay
22) ________ was the father of scientific management.
A) Frank Gilbreth
B) Tom Gallagher
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Peter Drucker
E) Frederick Taylor
23) Hiro, the manager of a convenience store, is interested in implementing the principles of
administrative management, which involves
A) doing time-motion studies.
B) focusing on efficiency and effectiveness
C) increasing synergy.
D) managing the total organization.
E) implementing MBO.
24) To better meet corporate goals this year, Yumiko, a CEO, is encouraging her managers to
focus on the major functions of management, which are
A) planning, organizing, recruiting, monitoring, and delegating.
B) recruiting, monitoring, delegating, and coordinating.
C) planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and arbitrating.
D) recruiting, planning, organizing, and leading.
E) planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
25) Because there are some positive aspects of bureaucracy, as proposed by Max Weber, Therese,
a restaurant manager, is interested in implementing certain aspects of the bureaucratic approach to
management within her restaurant. Like Weber, Therese feels bureaucracy is a
A) rational, efficient, cost-cutting tool based on principles of behaviorism.
B) sales-generating tool.
C) rational, efficient method of increasing productivity.
D) rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.
E) rational, cost-cutting, efficient organization based on principles of synergy.
26) The management approach that emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently is the
________ approach.
A) classical
B) quality-management
C) systems
D) contingency
E) MBO
27) The ________ approach to management focuses on scientific methods, time and motion
studies, and job specialization with the goal of increasing productivity.
A) contingency
B) behavioral
C) MBO
D) systems
E) classical
28) Aleksei, the IT manager, feels that his employees lack the motivation to consistently meet
department goals. To better understand human actions and to motivate his employees toward
achievement, Aleksei and his supervisors need to adopt the ________ viewpoint.
A) contingency
B) attitude
C) behavioral
D) classical
E) scientific
29) Order the schools of thought in the behavioral viewpoint from earliest to most recent.
A) early behaviorism, human relations movement, scientific management
B) operations management, human relations movement, MBO phase
C) early behaviorism, human relations movement, behavioral science
D) early behaviorism, industrial, human relations movement
E) early behaviorism, human relations movement, administrative phase
30) Hugo Munsterberg is known as
A) the father of scientific management.
B) a pioneer of scientific management.
C) the father of the MBO method.
D) the father of industrial psychology.
E) the originator of sociology.
31) Hugo Munsterberg believed that psychologists can contribute to industry by ________. For
example, Munsterberg might suggest that a company implement a monthly bonus plan that
rewards workers for achieving the goals set by their managers.
A) developing strategies to influence employees to follow their interests
B) encouraging employees to develop new products
C) devising management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests
D) helping organizations increase diversity
E) helping companies increase efficiency and productivity
32) ________ suggested that organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers
and subordinates working together in harmony. For example, in a publishing company run as a
community, editors, editorial assistants, and publishers would work together to determine which
books should be published.
A) Adam Smith
B) Frank Gilbreth
C) Hugo Munsterberg
D) Mary Parker Follett
E) Max Weber
33) Mary Parker Follett anticipated some of today's workplace trends, such as
A) worker empowerment and scientific management.
B) self-managed teams and worker empowerment.
C) quality assurance and transformation processes.
D) management-lead teams and diversity.
E) synergy and the MBO process.
34) According to proponents of the Hawthorne effect,
A) giving less attention to employees increases worker productivity.
B) increasing diversity results in increases in worker productivity.
C) increasing synergy increases worker productivity.
D) cutting costs through outsourcing harms employee morale and productivity.
E) giving more attention to employees increases worker productivity.
35) Abraham Maslow proposed the
A) hierarchy of human needs.
B) Hawthorne effect.
C) hierarchy of production.
D) concept of self-managed teams.
E) worker empowerment theory.
36) Maslow's hierarchy of human needs included
A) physiological, financial, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
B) financial, love, friends, and self-actualization.
C) food and shelter, companionship, ego, and self-actualization.
D) physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
E) physiological, financial, love, and empowerment.
37) Natasha, the general manager of a putting range, believes that her workers are responsible and
capable, and that they can be trusted when given responsibility. Natasha is an example of a(n)
________ manager.
A) Theory Z
B) contingency
C) Theory X
D) participative
E) Theory Y
38) Luka, who owns a small breakfast and salad bar, has a reputation in the community as a tough
manager. Many customers have heard Luka yell at his employees because he feels that workers
today are lazy, lack ambition, and hate to work. Luka is a(n) ________ manager.
A) Theory Z
B) contingency
C) Theory X
D) participative
E) Theory Y
39) The behavioral science approach relies on scientific research for developing theories about
human behavior that can be
A) used to develop sales tools.
B) used in behavioral science research.
C) helpful when looking at competitive products.
D) used to provide practical tools for managers.
E) used to establish MBO goals.
40) Which disciplines does the field of behavioral science include?
A) psychology, sociology, forensic science, and economics
B) psychology, forensic science, sociology, anthropology, and economics
C) psychiatry, technology, environmental science, and forensic science
D) chemistry, biology, earth science, and management
E) psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics
41) Paul English of Kayak.com uses new employees as an excuse for altering an existing
open-office seating arrangement. English's action is an application of ________ to management.
A) the country club approach
B) the office politics approach
C) the behavioral science approach
D) the synergy research approach
E) a Theory X approach
42) Oleg, the CEO of a large global production company, is excited about the introduction of
statistics and computer simulations in the design stage of the company's products. Oleg is using
A) the design approach.
B) quantitative techniques.
C) MBO.
D) scientific management.
E) behavioral management.
