Managing Quality: Integrating the Supply Chain, 6e (Foster)
Chapter 2 Quality Theory
1) A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of
phenomena is referred to as a(n) ________.
A) postulate
B) axiom
C) theory
D) corollary
E) hypothesis
2) An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model
typically implies ________.
A) causality
B) normality
C) randomness
D) proactivity
E) synergy
3) The ________ of a theoretical model involves which variables or factors are included in the
model.
A) why
B) what
C) how
D) who-where-when
E) which
4) The ________ of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the
relationship among the variables.
A) why
B) what
C) how
D) who-where-when
E) which
5) The ________ of a theoretical model is the theoretical glue that holds the model together.
A) why
B) what
C) how
D) who-where-when
E) which
6) The ________ of a theoretical model is responsible for placing contextual bounds on the
theory.
A) why
B) what
C) how
D) who-where-when
E) which
7) A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by
the process of ________.
A) deduction
B) abstraction
C) simulation
D) induction
E) supposition
8) Researchers use ________ to propose a model based on prior research, and design an
experiment to test the theoretical model.
A) supposition
B) deduction
C) induction
D) simulation
E) abstraction
9) An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model
typically implies causality.
10) The four elements of a theory are what, how, why, and who-where-when.
11) The “what” of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the
relationship among variables.
12) The “why” of a theory is the theoretical model that holds the model together.
13) A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by
the process of deduction.
14) Using deduction, researchers propose a model based on prior research, and design an
experiment to test the theoretical model.
15) Define theory. Provide an example of the use of theory in a business organization.
16) The “14 points for management” were articulated by ________.
A) Philip Crosby
B) Joseph M. Juran
C) Genichi Taguchi
D) W. Edwards Deming
E) Armand Feigenbaum
17) Deming believed that poor quality resulted from ________.
A) poor management of the system for continual improvement
B) poor human resource management
C) consumer complacency
D) a lack of commitment on the part of management
E) poor engineering and design
18) Which of the following points for management devised by Deming involves the management
committing resources to ensure that the quality job is completed?
A) constantly improve the system
B) eliminate work standards
C) improve leadership
D) adopt a new philosophy
E) create constancy of purpose
19) ________ means that all workers are responsible for their own work and perform necessary
inspections at each stage of the process to maintain process control.
A) Quality at the source
B) In-process management
C) Constancy of purpose
D) Parallel processing
E) Just-in-time approach
20) ________ minimizes the number of suppliers used, resulting in decreased variability.
A) Parallel processing
B) Single source purchasing
C) Management by objective
D) In-process management
E) Constancy of purpose
21) Which of the following points for management devised by Deming encourages parallel
processing in focused teams?
A) constantly improve the system
B) create constancy of purpose
C) institute education and self-improvement
D) adopt a new philosophy
E) break down barriers between departments
22) ________ refers to a process of setting annual goals, typically during a performance
appraisal, that are binding to the employee.
A) Just-in-time approach
B) Management by objective
C) In-process management
D) Parallel processing
E) Constancy of purpose
23) What are the three aspects of Juran’s trilogy?
A) planning, control, and improvement
B) cost, quality, and customer satisfaction
C) labor, management, and system
D) organizing, management, and control
E) leadership, cost, and quality
24) According to Juran, ________ is a process-related activity that ensures processes are stable
and provides a relatively consistent outcome.
A) control
B) organizing
C) planning
D) improvement
E) scheduling
25) ________ improvement implies that the process has been studied and that some major
improvement has resulted in large, nonrandom improvement to the process.
A) Ongoing
B) Progressive
C) Successive
D) Continuous
E) Breakthrough
26) Juran teaches that improvement in organizations is accomplished on a ________ basis.
A) project-by-project
B) trial-by-trial
C) process-by-process
D) production-by-production
E) case-by-case
27) According to Juran, the language of management is ________.
A) labor
B) quality
C) money
D) performance
E) improvement
28) According to Juran, the language of things pertains to ________.
A) quality inspectors
B) managers
C) workers
D) quality managers
E) engineers
29) The driving force of the Century of Productivity was the movement known as ________.
A) total quality management
B) statistical process control
C) human resource management
D) scientific management
E) behavioral modification
30) The theory of scientific management was proposed by ________.
A) Frederick W. Taylor
B) Joseph M. Juran
C) Philip Crosby
D) W. Edwards Deming
E) Kaoru Ishikawa
31) ________ is also called the 80/20 rule.
A) Ishikawa’s quality philosophy
B) Pareto’s law
C) Juran trilogy
D) Taguchi method
E) Deming’s points for management
32) ________ was responsible for the development and dissemination of the basic seven tools of
quality.
A) Kaoru Ishikawa
B) Philip Crosby
C) Genichi Taguchi
D) Armand Feigenbaum
E) Joseph M. Juran
33) ________ is credited with democratizing statistics.
A) Armand Feigenbaum
B) Joseph M. Juran
C) Genichi Taguchi
D) Philip Crosby
E) Kaoru Ishikawa
34) What is the major theoretical contribution of Kaoru Ishikawa?
A) the concept of benchmarking
B) his assertion that the entire organization should be involved in improving quality
C) the zero-defects approach to quality improvement
D) his emphasis on total involvement of the operating employees in improving quality
E) the quality loss function and the concept of robust design
35) What is the primary contribution of Armand Feigenbaum?
A) the concept of benchmarking
B) his assertion that the entire organization should be involved in improving quality
C) the zero-defects approach to quality improvement
D) his emphasis on total involvement of the operating employees in improving quality
E) the quality loss function and the concept of robust design
36) What are the three steps proposed by Feigenbaum to improve quality?
A) quality inspection, quality accountability, and quality control
B) quality leadership, quality technology, and organizational commitment
C) employee empowerment, total quality management, and statistical process control
D) self-directed work teams, employee empowerment, and total quality management
E) quality leadership, quality management, and total quality control
37) ________ proposed “The 19 steps of Total Quality Control.”
A) Philip Crosby
B) W. Edwards Deming
C) Joseph M. Juran
D) Genichi Taguchi
E) Armand Feigenbaum
38) What is the primary contribution of Philip Crosby?
A) the concept of benchmarking
B) his assertion that the entire organization should be involved in improving quality
C) the zero-defects approach to quality improvement
D) his emphasis on total involvement of the operating employees in improving quality
E) the quality loss function and the concept of robust design
39) What is the primary contribution of Genichi Taguchi?
A) the concept of benchmarking
B) his assertion that the entire organization should be involved in improving quality
C) the zero-defects approach to quality improvement
D) his emphasis on total involvement of the operating employees in improving quality
E) the quality loss function and the concept of robust design
40) Quality loss function and robust design are concepts included in ________.
A) Ishikawa’s quality philosophy
B) the Taguchi method
C) Deming’s 14 points for management
D) the Juran trilogy
E) Pareto’s law
41) ________ refers to a reference point for determining the quality level of a product or service.
A) Quality of conformance
B) Hothouse quality
C) Quality loss function
D) Specific quality
E) Ideal quality
42) The Taguchi concept of ________ states that products and services should be designed so
that they are inherently defect-free and of high quality.
A) homoscedasticity
B) robust design
C) quality loss function
D) ideal quality
E) design conformance
43) ________ is the principle pioneer of benchmarking.
A) Robert C. Camp
B) Tom Peters
C) Michael Hammer
D) James Champy
E) Stephen R. Covey
44) Michael Hammer and James Champy are most closely identified with ________.
A) statistical process control
B) reengineering
C) total quality management
D) benchmarking
E) Six Sigma quality
45) ________ is best known for his book, The 7 Highly Effective People.
A) Robert C. Camp
B) Tom Peters
C) Michael Hammer
D) James Champy
E) Stephen R. Covey
46) W. Edwards Deming enumerated the 14 points for management.
47) According to Deming, poor quality was the fault of labor.
48) Constancy of purpose means that management commits resources in order to achieve quick
returns and bottom-line results.
49) Deming proposes the need for mass inspection to improve quality.
50) Quality at the source means that all workers are responsible for their own work and perform
needed inspections at each stage of the process to maintain process control.
51) Just-in-time purchasing increases the number of suppliers used, resulting in increased
variability.
52) Just-in-time purchasing involves the usage of long-term contracts that result in the ability to
develop and certify suppliers.