87. Vernique consults with her subordinates and encourages their involvement in the decision-making process.
Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Vernique exhibiting.
88. Which of the following leadership theories is a direct extension of the expectancy theory of motivation?
89. Pete tells his staff what to do, but not how to do it. When they come to him for help, he assists them and
treats them as equals. Based on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Pete exhibiting?
90. Mihee set challenging goals and high expectations because she has confidence in her fellow nurses. Based
on the path-goal theory, what kind of leader behavior is Mihee exhibiting?
91. According to path-goal theory, a leader cannot change the personality of a subordinate, so the primary
function of the leader is to
92. You supervise a group of very competent employees who have been at their present jobs an average of
seven years. Which two theories would say that you have little need to use a directive style of leadership and
that subordinates may even resent it if you do?
93. Which of the following is NOT one of the situational factors thought to modify the relationship between
leader behavior and subordinate motivation to perform in the path-goal theory?
94. What leadership style would a person with an external locus of control be most likely to DISLIKE?
95. Matt is fresh out of college. He is feeling a bit overwhelmed at work and appreciates his boss’s ____
leadership because he needs help at this point.
96. Chrissy is a communications director. She has great talents and skills. Her boss annoys her because he uses
____ leadership. He is always telling her how to do things.
97. Which of the following is a situational leadership model?
98. ____ is a path-goal situational factor that describes the personal belief that whatever happens to the
individual is a matter of luck or fate.
99. Adam is a human resource specialist who firmly believes that whatever happens to him is the result of hard
work and determination. Which path-goal personal characteristic best describes Adam’s attitude toward
himself?
100. Arpi is a manager. She set high standards and expects her workers to reach them. She uses ____
leadership.
101. Two general categories of situational factors that receive special attention in path-goal theory are the
102. Which of the following statements BEST describes the path-goal theory of leadership?
103. The purpose of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model is to
104. According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model, leaders first assess
105. What is being optimized when a leader uses the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model to select the appropriate degree
of participation?
106. Which of the following is NOT an example of a decision-making style that is recognized by the
Vroom-Yetton-Jago model?
107. Raakel needed to cut her department’s budget by 10%. She called together directors and presented the
statistical evidence. She then asked for their suggestions. Raakel used which decision-making style?
108. Raakel needed to cut her department’s budget by 10%. She contacted each one of her directors to present
her statistical evidence and get each one’s input. Raakel used which decision-making style?
109. When Marsha purchased an old Victorian, fixer-upper house, people thought she was crazy, but she had a
vision for a bed-and-breakfast inn. She had to convince investors that a B&B was needed. According to the
Vroom-Yetton-Jago model, Marsha used which decision-making style?
110. Which of the following leadership models suggests that leaders have different working relationships with
the better performers among their subordinates than they do with the others?
111. Franz knows Monisha is his best worker. When he needs someone to “get it into the end zone,” the project
goes to her. This is an example of a ____ approach to leadership.
112. The presence of highly capable employees and an indifference toward rewards will
113. Subordinate characteristics that may neutralize leadership include all of the following EXCEPT
114. Which of the following is a factor that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?
115. ____ leadership is a contemporary perspective that focuses on a leader’s personality and ability to inspire
loyalty and enthusiasm.
116. The concept of charismatic leadership is most closely related to
117. Politicians display a lot of self-confidence, a conviction in their beliefs, and a strong need to influence
people. Robert House’s theory says they are ____ leaders.
118. When Pamela Forbes Lieberman took over TruServ, it was on the verge of bankruptcy, with spiraling debt,
a top-heavy hierarchy, and outdated management. Now debt and inventory are down, as is payroll expense, and
TruServ met SEC filing requirements. Which of the following BEST describes Forbes Lieberman in this role?
119. A popular press article identified seven keys to what seems to be transformational leadership. Which of the
following is NOT among those?
120. Which of the following is a key element of transformational leadership?
121. Strategic leaders
122. When people use power and other resources to obtain what they want in an organization, they are said to
be engaged in
123. Which of the following forms of political behavior is MOST likely to involve giving something to
someone in exchange for that person’s support?
124. Which of the following is NOT a form of political behavior identified in the text?
125. Which of the following is the form of political behavior in which people try to enhance their image in the
eyes of others?
126. Donald Trump is considered an “average” manager, but many view him as larger than life. Trump engages
in a lot of
127. After the federal government stepped in to financially help auto makers, the CEOs flew by private jet to
D.C. to testify before Congress. The politicians expressed outrage. The CEOs failed
128. How can managers handle political behavior so that it does not do excessive damage?
129. Leadership is the use of ____________________ influence to shape the group or organization’s goals,
motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organizational culture.
130. Establishing detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results is part of ____________________.
131. The form of power related to positive reinforcement and extinction is ____________________ power.
132. Psychological and emotional threats are examples of ____________________ power.
133. ____________________ power is based on knowledge and expertise.
134. The type of power that is based on charisma is called ____________________ power.
135. A manager who withholds information is using ____________________.
136. A plea for loyalty represents a(n) ____________________ appeal.
137. The first organized approach to studying ____________________ analyzed the personality, psychological,
and physical traits of strong leaders.
138. Honesty, integrity, and ____________________ seem to play meaningful roles in leadership.
139. The Ohio State studies identified two critical leadership behaviors: initiating structure behavior and
____________________ behavior.
140. The ____________________ identifies seven levels of leadership, which range between the extremes of
boss-centered and subordinate-centered leadership.
141. Fiedler’s ____________________ model assumed that an individual’s leadership style was fixed.
LPC
142. Leader-member relations refer to the nature of the relationship between the leader and the
____________________.
143. If the leader must get job assignments approved by someone else and does not administer rewards and
punishment, ____________________ is weak.
144. The path-goal theory is the leadership theory that is very closely aligned with the ____________________
theory of motivation.
145. The two personal characteristics of subordinates that the path-goal theory identifies as situational factors
are subordinates’ perception of their own abilities and their ____________________.
146. According to the path-goal theory, employees who see themselves as highly competent in ability may
prefer ____________________ leadership.
147. In deciding which Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision tree to use, leaders first consider time and
____________________ of the decision.
148. According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago model, the manager using the ____________________ style of
decision making allows the group to define for itself the exact nature and parameter of the problem and then to
develop a solution.
149. When people have high levels of ability and don’t need to be led, there is a(n) ____________________ for
leadership.
150. Leadership that is focused on stimulating learning and inspiring new ways of thinking is called
____________________ leadership.
151. Aligning the organization with its environment requires ____________________ leadership.
152. As more females, African Americans, and Latinos achieve leadership positions, it may be necessary to
reassess how applicable current theories of leadership are when applied to an increasingly diverse pool of
____________________ and subordinates.
153. The direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her own image in the eyes of others is called
____________________ management.
154. Match the following. You may use a response once, more than once, or not at all.
1. States that leaders have different working
Fiedler’s contingency
2. States that some characteristics of subordinates
and the environment make it unnecessary for the
3. States that decision effectiveness is a function of
decision quality and subordinate acceptance of the
Substitutes for
155. Match the following. You may use a response once, more than once, or not at all.
156. Do you want others to consider you a manager or leader? Why?
157. Briefly describe the five kinds of power available to leaders and/or managers.
158. Describe an example of using a legitimate request, instrumental compliance, coercion, rational persuasion,
personal identification, inspirational appeal, and informational distortion.
159. Briefly describe the University of Michigan and Ohio State University studies.
160. Given that you know from this course that trait research suggests leaders exhibit traits after getting
positions, if you were voting in a primary election and the candidates were essentially the same on the issues,
what abilities would you look for in your leader? Why?
161. Describe the Fiedler contingency approach to leadership, including the major feature that distinguishes it
from the rest of the situational approaches to leadership.
162. Briefly describe the path-goal theory of leadership. Use diagrams if they will clarify your answer.
163. Briefly describe the Leader-Member Exchange approach.
164. Phil W. supervises a group of very competent workers. These people are involved in a routine task, and the
company has written standard operating procedures to cover most of the operation. Phil is trying to decide what
leadership style would be most effective in dealing with these people. Explain what the path-goal and leadership
substitutes for approaches would recommend that he do.
Students should recognize that the two approaches are very similar.
165. Briefly describe how the path-goal theory of leadership and the expectancy theory of motivation are
related.
Students should recognize that the path-goal theory comes from the expectancy model. Specifically:
166. Do you think President Barack Obama is a charismatic leader? Why? Why not?
167. Explain how transformational leadership differs from the other types of leadership discussed in the text.
168. What is the significance of strategic, cross-cultural, and ethical leadership in contemporary business?
169. Since it is impossible to eliminate political behavior in organizations, we must mange it as best we can.
Describe four methods for managing political behavior.
170. If you wanted to improve your leadership abilities, would it be more helpful to take a college leadership
course or play a team sport for a year? Why?