b) people tend to do one thing at a time
c) members emphasize communication via spoken or written words
d) social norms are mixed and ambiguous, and conformity varies
40) Which of the following statements is true of loose cultures?
a) Their members let prevailing norms guide their behavior.
b) Deviations are noticed, discouraged, and sanctioned.
c) Their members express themselves independent from the masses.
d) Social norms are strong, clear, and well-defined.
41) In organizations, members from loose cultures are more likely to ________.
a) look forward to authority for direction
b) be well-prepared and punctual for assignments
c) display emotions and look for recognition
d) be slow in volunteering and criticizing
42) Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures?
a) Power distance
b) Uncertainty avoidance
c) Time orientation
d) Educational background
43) According to Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures, which of the following terms refers
to the degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power?
a) Uncertainty avoidance
b) Individualism-collectivism
c) Power distance
d) Time orientation
44) According to Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures, ________ is the degree to which a
society tolerates risk and uncertainty.
a) uncertainty avoidance
b) individualism-collectivism
c) power distance
d) time orientation
45) According to Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures, ________ is the degree to which a
society emphasizes individuals and their self-interests.
a) uncertainty avoidance
b) individualism-collectivism
c) power distance
d) time orientation
46) Naomi, an employee in an insurance firm, hails from a collectivistic culture. If she is
assigned to a team project, which of the following steps is she most likely to take?
a) Step forward to be the team leader
b) Offer to lead the team presentation
c) Confront a fellow member who is not making a “fair–share” contribution
d) Work diligently on her part of the project with little fanfare
47) The most individualistic country, according to Hofstede’s sample, is ________.
a) Japan
b) Germany
c) China
d) the United States
48) According to Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures, which of the following terms refers
to the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism?
a) Uncertainty avoidance
b) Individualism-collectivism
c) Power distance
d) Masculinity-femininity
49) According to Hofstede’s dimensions of national cultures, the degree to which a society
emphasizes short-term or long-term goals is called ________.
a) uncertainty avoidance
b) individualism-collectivism
c) power distance
d) time orientation
50) The ________ assumes that a generalized cultural value applies equally well to all members
of the culture.
a) general approach
b) ecological fallacy
c) equal distribution
d) unreasonable expectation
51) Subcultures are necessary to achieve organizational diversity.
52) Harris and Conference Board polls report that younger workers tend to be more satisfied
with their jobs than older workers.
53) The glass ceiling facilitates career advancement for women.
54) Biculturalism is a response to bad treatment and discrimination at work.
55) The stages of adjustment to an unfamiliar culture are a series of steady improvements after
the initial stage of confusion.
56) Culture shock refers to the ability to adapt to new cultures.
57) One way to view monochronic cultures is as a group of flexible multi-taskers.
58) A culture that is high in uncertainty avoidance would be known for its entrepreneurial spirit.
Question type: Text Entry
59) The revolving door syndrome is a challenge for organizations that seek to maintain ___ in
workforce.
60) The ___ is where lesbians, gays, bisexual, and transgender workers hide their sexual
identities.
61) Individuals caught up in organizational subcultures develop tendencies toward ___.
62) ___ form among people from the same races, language groupings, regions, and nations.
63) The ___ is where female leaders get criticized when they act consistent with female
subculture stereotypes and when they act consistent with male subculture stereotypes.
64) ___ are informal groupings of people that form around such things as gender, age, race,
ethnicity, and even job functions.
65) ___ form among people doing the same kinds of work.
66) The barrier to the advancement of women and minorities that manifests itself in the lack of
diversity in the upper ranks of organizational management is known as the ___.
67) An effort made by women and minorities to “fit in” by taking on behaviors and
characteristics displayed by the majority is known as ___.
68) The final step in the continuum of leadership approaches to diversity is ___.
69) Confusion, small victories, honeymoon, irritation and anger, and reality are different stages
of dealing with ___.
70) People high in ___ view cultural differences not as threats but as learning opportunities.
71) ___ studies how cultures vary in valuing and using space.
72) Members of a(n) ___ are flexible about time and who uses it.
73) In ___, social norms are mixed and ambiguous, and conformity varies.
74) Regarding diversity, the concept of ___ is similar to that of stereotyping.
75) ___ are skills and personal characteristics that help us to be successful in cross-cultural
situations.
Question type: Essay
76) Beyond the legal issues, make a business case for diversity.
Answer:
77) While the value of diversity is obvious, what makes it so difficult to manage diversity in
global companies?
78) Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist, believes that cultures have “silent” languages that are
found in their approach to communications in terms of context, time, and space. What are these
cultural languages? Describe each.
79) Hofstede identified five value differences among national cultures. What are they? Define
each of them.
80) What is culture shock? What are the five stages experienced by an individual facing culture
shock?
