59) Perform a cost-benefit analysis with payback period calculation using the following data:
Direct Costs
• 25 networkable PCs—$1,700/each
• A server—$2,700
• Peripherals—$2,200
• Network installation—$5,800
• Sales system software—$11,500
Indirect Costs
• Training—$14,500
• Lost time—30 days × $150/day
• Sales-related losses during implementation—$21,000
Annualized Benefits
• Increased sales capacity—$190,000
• Improved customer retention—$250,000
• Improved follow-up sales opportunities—$180,000
60) List the steps to perform force-field analysis.
61) The following tasks were identified for a major project using a WBS. Optimistic, most likely,
and pessimistic task completion times for each task were also identified. Compute task times,
task variances, project variance, and project standard deviation for this project.
Task
Predecessor
a
m
b
A
–
2
3
5
B
A
1
2
3
C
A
4
5
6
D
A
7
10
13
E
B,D
9
11
13
F
C,D
4
7
22
G
D
12
17
22
H
E,G
1
4
16
I
F
12
15
17
J
H
11
12
14
K
I,J
2
8
15
L
K,L
5
9
14
62) Which of the following key stages of team activity involves persuading people that an
improvement is possible and finding champions and cheerleaders of the plan?
A) identifying needs
B) finding ideas
C) formulating plans
D) making contacts
E) establishing the organization
63) Which of the following key stages of team activity requires implementers and involves
turning plans into routine procedures, methods, and working practices?
A) identifying needs
B) finding ideas
C) formulating plans
D) making contacts
E) establishing the organization
64) ________ is the stage at which the team is composed, and the objective for the team is set.
A) Mourning
B) Storming
C) Norming
D) Performing
E) Forming
65) ________ is the stage at which the team members begin to get to know each other, and
agreements have not yet been made that facilitate smooth interaction between team members.
A) Performing
B) Storming
C) Forming
D) Mourning
E) Norming
66) ________ is the stage at which the team becomes a cohesive unit, and interdependence, trust,
and cooperation develop.
A) Forming
B) Storming
C) Performing
D) Norming
E) Mourning
67) ________ is the stage at which the team becomes mutually supportive, a steady state is
achieved, and the team engages in successful projects.
A) Forming
B) Storming
C) Performing
D) Mourning
E) Norming
68) ________ is the stage at which the team members regret the ending of the project and the
breaking up of the team.
A) Mourning
B) Storming
C) Norming
D) Performing
E) Forming
69) Key figures at the identifying needs stage of team activity are individuals with strong goal
awareness.
70) W. E. Deming provides a widely adopted typology of team roles.
71) List and briefly describe the different stages of team development.
72) During the ________ stage, teams develop ground rules.
A) mourning
B) storming
C) norming
D) performing
E) forming
73) Which of the following is not a common ground rule for teams in projects?
A) Test assumptions and inferences
B) Be specific and use examples
C) Focus on positions, not interests
D) Share all relevant information
E) Agree on what important words mean
74) An example of an act of omission in a dysfunctional team that could affect group
effectiveness is forgetting to attend meetings.
75) One of the ground rules for effective teams is to agree openly with every member of the
group.
76) During the forming stage, teams develop ground rules.
77) If a team is functional, individual participation enhances the group’s effectiveness.
78) What are the benefits of establishing team ground rules? Provide three examples of common
ground rules for effective teams.
79) In the ________ stage of the conflict resolution process, people are at odds, and competition
or aggression ensues.
A) collaborating
B) frustration
C) interaction
D) outcome
E) conceptualization and orientation
80) In the ________ stage of the conflict resolution process, opponents identify the issues that
need to be resolved.
A) interaction
B) compromising
C) conceptualization and orientation
D) outcome
E) frustration
81) In the ________ stage of the conflict resolution process, team members discuss and air the
problems.
A) collaboration
B) conceptualization and orientation
C) outcome
D) interaction
E) frustration
82) In the ________ stage of the conflict resolution process, the problem is resolved.
A) frustration
B) outcome
C) interaction
D) conceptualization and orientation
E) compromising
83) Which of the following is not a component of a constructive conflict resolution system
designed to reduce or eliminate conflict in organizations?
A) goal structure
B) coordination
C) contact and communication
D) confrontation
E) reward systems
84) Which of the following alternatives of the conflict-resolution approach involves letting
things work themselves out without involving a leader?
A) goal structure
B) defusion
C) coordination
D) confrontation
E) avoidance
85) Which of the following alternatives of conflict-resolution approach involves smoothing
ruffled feelings while getting the team project back on track?
A) avoidance
B) defusion
C) reward system
D) confrontation
E) goal structure
86) Which of the following alternatives of conflict-resolution approach involves injecting the
leader into the conflict to find a solution?
A) defusion
B) goal structure
C) reward system
D) confrontation
E) avoidance
87) Coordination is one of the components of constructive conflict resolution.
88) Structured problem solving is a fact-based manner of gathering data regarding the problem
and having the data analyzed by a disinterested observer to add weight to the claims of one of the
conflicting parties.
89) Avoidance involves letting things work themselves out without involving a leader.
90) Provide some of the sources of team conflict and briefly describe the four stages of the
conflict resolution process.
91) ________ are simple tools to help teams identify objectives, participants, and expected
benefits from projects.
A) Force fields
B) Parking lots
C) Project charters
D) Arrow Gantt charts
E) Sticky dots
92) The project charter includes spaces for signatures to identify reporting relationships for
planning purposes.
93) During the planning stage of the project, the team should refer to the work breakdown
structure and identify measures against which team performance can be judged.
94) Only preliminary data is required to perform baselining or intervention analysis effectively.
95) The ________ lists the major tasks involved in a project and their precedence relationships.
A) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
B) project charter
C) cost-benefit analysis
D) leadership council
E) goal structure
96) In an activity network diagram, the ________ indicates which tasks depend on the
completion of other tasks in the process.
A) critical path
B) slack time
C) task variance
D) project standard deviation
E) precedence relationship
97) The formula to calculate the expected time or the weighted average of the tasks, using the
three time estimates for each task, is ________.
A) (a + 4m + b)
B) (a – 4m – b)/6
C) (a – 4m – b)
D) 6(a + 4m + b)
E) (a + 4m + b)/6
98) In an activity network diagram, the path of activities with no slack is called the ________.
A) activity-on-node
B) critical path
C) activity network
D) Work Breakdown Structure
E) early times path
99) The first step to develop an activity network diagram is to determine task times.
100) In an activity network diagram, slack time = late start – early start
101) Describe the steps used to develop an activity network diagram.