32. Which of the following refers to the degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving
in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented?
a.
Agreeableness
b.
Conscientiousness
c.
Emotional stability
d.
Openness to experience
e.
Extroversion
33. If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these
factors?
a.
Agreeableness
b.
Conscientiousness
c.
Emotional stability
d.
Openness to experience
e.
Extroversion
34. Canyon River, Inc. is looking for an individual who has a broad range of interests and is imaginative,
creative, artistically sensitive, and willing to consider new ideas. Which of these factors are they
emphasizing in their search?
a.
Agreeableness
b.
Conscientiousness
c.
Emotional stability
d.
Openness to experience
e.
Extroversion
35. Traits of _____seem to be particularly important in today’s collaborative organizations.
a.
likability
b.
agreeableness
c.
friendliness
d.
openness
e.
sociability
36. Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one’s success or
failure either within oneself or on outside forces?
a.
Machiavellianism
b.
Emotional stability
c.
Locus of control
d.
Authoritarianism
e.
Extroversion
37. Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a:
a.
high external locus of control.
b.
high Mach personality.
c.
low introversion characteristic.
d.
high internal locus of control.
e.
low Mach personality.
38. Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a
job, Jason responded, “If I am lucky, I will get my old job back.” Jason would be considered as having
a(n):
a.
external locus of control.
b.
high conscientiousness.
c.
sensation and intuition type personality.
d.
internal locus of control.
e.
high Mach attitude.
39. People with an external locus of control are:
a.
more achievement oriented.
b.
better able to handle complex information and problem solving.
c.
more independent.
d.
easier to motivate.
e.
easier to lead.
40. Which of the following terms is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the
organization?
a.
Extroversion
b.
Machiavellianism
c.
Authoritarianism
d.
Perceptual distortion
e.
Locus of control
41. Individuals high on authoritarianism have problems with:
a.
power and toughness.
b.
use of subjective feelings.
c.
sticking to conventional values.
d.
obeying recognized authority above them.
e.
critically judging others.
42. Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade
than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely?
a.
High Mach
b.
Low Mach
c.
High Feeling
d.
Low Feeling
e.
Moderate Thinking
43. Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one’s behavior toward the
acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?
a.
Authoritarianism
b.
External locus of control
c.
Introversion characteristic
d.
Machiavellianism
e.
Organizational citizenship
44. _____type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer
routine and order in gathering information.
a.
Feeling
b.
Gut-feel
c.
Intuitive
d.
Sensation
e.
Affective
45. Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal
goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.
a.
high introverted individuals
b.
high authoritarians
c.
high Machs
d.
low extroverted individuals
e.
low Machs
46. Which of these styles, according to Jung, avoids specifics, decentralizes decision-making and develops
few rules and regulations?
a.
Intuitive-feeling
b.
Sensation-thinking
c.
Intuitive-thinking
d.
Sensation-feeling
e.
None of these.
47. Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason
and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information,
Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which
Myers-Briggs category?
a.
Judging-Perceiving
b.
Intuitive-Thinking
c.
Sensation-Thinking
d.
Sensation-Feeling
e.
Intuitive-Feeling
48. A widely used personality test that measures how people differ on all four of Jung’s sets of paired
opposites is the ______.
a.
Keirsey personality test
b.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
c.
Eysenck Personality Test
d.
Enneagram Personality Type Detector
e.
Oxford Capacity Analysis
49. When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation
trigger these same positive emotions in employees, _____is happening.
a.
Perceptual selectivity
b.
Cognitive dissonance
c.
Contagious feeling
d.
Self-efficacy
e.
Emotional contagion
50. A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a
healthy sense of self-confidence.
a.
self-management
b.
social cohesiveness
c.
social awareness
d.
relationship management
e.
self-awareness
51. All of the following are things bad bosses do to create stress for their subordinates EXCEPT:
a.
Bully and harass people to keep them on their toes.
b.
Create perpetual doubt about how well employees are performing.
c.
Fail to give people credit for their contributions and achievements.
d.
Impose unreasonable demands and overwhelming workloads.
e.
Tell people exactly what is expected of them.
52. Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her
organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a
powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what
type of personality?
a.
Type A
b.
Type B
c.
Type C
d.
Type X
e.
Type Y
53. _____conflict occurs when an individual perceives incompatible demands from others.
a.
Attitude
b.
Role
c.
Personality
d.
Perception
e.
Ability
54. Stress can be caused by:
a.
task demands.
b.
role demands.
c.
interpersonal demands.
d.
physical demands.
e.
all of these.
55. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT:
a.
impatience.
b.
devotion to work.
c.
aggressiveness.
d.
relaxed lifestyle.
e.
extreme competitiveness.
56. Which of the following is the uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular
role?
a.
Role conflict
b.
Task overload
c.
Nonprogrammed decisions
d.
Role ambiguity
e.
Task underload
CASE
Scenario – Layla Fox
Layla Fox is a creative, imaginative, artistically sensitive individual who loves to take on new
opportunities. She is a successful manager who believes that she makes her own destiny through hard
work and listening to people. Her personal problem solving style is intuitive-thinking.
1. Layla can best be described using which of these Big Five personality factors?
a.
Agreeableness
b.
Openness to experience
c.
Conscientiousness
d.
Extroversion
e.
Emotional stability
2. Layla appears to have a:
a.
high external locus of control.
b.
high Mach personality.
c.
high authoritarian style.
d.
high internal locus of control.
e.
low extroversion characteristic.
ANS:
COMPLETION
1. A positive attitude toward one’s job is called ______.
2. Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization‘s
success is referred to as ______.
3. Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one’s organization is called ______.
4. A condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict is called ______.
5. A(n) ______ is an evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way.
6. The process people use to make sense of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting
information from the environment is referred to as ______.
7. ______ is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting,
organizing, and interpreting information.
8. Errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process are
called ______.
9. ______ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute
generalizations about the group to the individual.
10. The ______ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based
on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.
11. ______ are judgments about what caused a person’s behavior-something about the person or something
about the situation.
12. The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another’s behavior and to
overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the ______.
13. An individual’s ______ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior
in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.
14. ______ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured,
cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.
15. The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one’s success or failure either within oneself
(internally) or on outside forces (externally) is called the ______.
16. ______ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.
17. ______ is the tendency to direct much of one’s behavior toward the acquisition of power and the
manipulation of others for personal gain.
18. ______ is a behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness,
and devotion to work.
19. ______ are stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job.
20. ______ are stressors associated with relationships in the organization.
21. A physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an
individual is called ______.
22. Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ______.
ESSAY
1. Briefly describe the perception process.
2. Describe any three common perceptual distortions that managers make. Give an example of each.
3. Describe the three factors that influence whether an attribution will be external or internal.
4. Explain the Big Five personality factors. Are these applicable in an international context?
5. Describe Carl Jung’s four functions related to gathering and evaluating information for problem
solving and decision making. Which problem solving style would be appropriate for an Accounting
profession? Why?
6. What are the four components of emotional intelligence? Explain.
7. What are some of the ways enlightened companies are helping employees cope with stress.
