Chapter 13: Motivation
TRUE/FALSE
1. In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.
2. Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation
decisions.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:
a.
tangible and intangible needs
b.
physiological and psychological needs
c.
higher-order and lower-order needs
d.
extrinsic and intrinsic needs
e.
realized and unrealized needs
2. Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
a.
valences
b.
reinforcement
c.
referents
d.
instrumentality
e.
expectancy
3. According to the expectancy theory, __________ affect the conscious choices that people make about
their motivation.
a.
equity, value-added, and instrumentality
b.
valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
c.
expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
d.
instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
e.
expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
4. To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can
a.
assign specific, challenging goals
b.
make all rewards equal in value
c.
avoid overreward and underreward
d.
avoid the use of empowerment
e.
systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs
5. The primary ways for creating reinforcement contingencies in organizations are:
a.
extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement
b.
extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
c.
perceptions of equity and reward desirability
d.
situational motivators
e.
higher-order needs and organizational structure
6. __________ strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency).
a.
Positive and negative reinforcement
b.
Negative reinforcement and extinction
c.
Positive reinforcement and extinction
d.
Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment
e.
Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
7. In a(n) __________ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.
a.
continuous
b.
intermittent
c.
variable interval
d.
fixed ratio
e.
variable ratio
8. Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:
a.
goal congruity
b.
goal commitment
c.
goal valence
d.
goal expectancy
e.
groupthink
9. Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?
a.
Feedback should not be specific.
b.
Goals should be general, measurable, and attainable.
c.
Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be
motivational.
d.
Goals can energize behavior.
e.
None of the statements about goal-setting theory is true.