77. Which of the following is a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization development?
78. Which of the following is NOT a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization
development?
79. General Motors frequently asks its employees to measure such things as supervisor effectiveness. This is an
OD technique known as ____.
80. Many companies bring together managers from various divisions to have them participate in a weekend of
team-building exercises. These exercises are intended to iron out problem areas and to encourage more
company-wide communications. Such exercises are one of the interventions used in organization
81. The members of the various boards of a church annually hold a retreat at which they discuss actual or
potential problems as well as various issues of concern to the members. This is an example of an organization
development intervention technique known as
82. The focus of the organization development intervention technique known as technostructural activities is on
83. One of the most hated weeks at the college’s alumni office was the week in which the alumni newsletters
were prepared for mailing. The process of folding, stapling, sorting, and affixing labels was all done by hand
and required the assistance of everyone who worked in the alumni office. Then the alumni director purchased a
machine that would perform all of the tasks that had once been done manually. The director decided to purchase
the machine to improve group relationships and to remove the cause of much of the organization’s stress. This is
an example of an organization development intervention technique known as
84. The intervention technique called ____ has organization development consultants observe the
communication patterns and methods of cooperation and conflict resolution in an organization.
85. All of the following are reasons to use coaching and counseling as an organization development intervention
technique EXCEPT
86. The first stage of the organizational innovation process is
87. During which phase of the organizational innovation process do most organizations have access to an
innovation and apply it in the same way?
88. Ingersoll-Rand Company learned that half of the people using wrenches on an auto assembly line were
women, and it recognized a need for a wrench that would fit in a wide range of hand sizes. In terms of the
innovation process, this is an example of innovation
89. Global positioning systems went from military use to hand-held, affordable, individual use. In terms of the
innovation process, this is an example of
90. American food companies invested heavily in low-carb foods. Then questions arose about the health
consequences of the high-protein diets. The market for low-carbs foods dropped significantly. In terms of the
innovation process, low-carb foods are an example of
91. Coca-Cola launched a bottle with a new size and shape. The soda pop stayed the same. This is an example
of a(n) ____ innovation.
92. Vera Bradley makes fashion accessories. It releases four new patterns four times a year. The new patterns
are an example of a(n) ____ innovation.
93. As Americans get older, more stores are ensuring parking spaces are bigger, closer, and plentiful. What kind
of changes are they making?
94. Kimberly-Clark offers a training program where store managers wear glasses to blur their vision, simulating
older shoppers. What kind of innovation is this?
95. Research into the health benefits of eating pomegranates led to many new items with pomegranates in them.
This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation.
96. Walgreens plans to install call buttons near heavy items in their stores. This is an example of a(n) ____
innovation.
97. The average age of Americans is getting older. Baby boomers are starting to turn 65. Morgan Stanley
installed lighting that is friendlier to older eyes. This is an example of a(n) ____ innovation.
98. IBM has an internal program called Master Inventor that provides great recognition and reward to potential
entrepreneurs from any level of the organization who propose a new product idea. The Master Inventor program
supports
99. A(n) ____ is usually a middle manager who learns about a new product or service idea and becomes
committed to it. This manager helps the inventor overcome resistance to change and convinces others to take
the innovation seriously.
100. Organization ____________________ can involve virtually any aspect of an organization and reach
beyond the initial area.
101. External forces for change derive from the organization’s ____________________ and
____________________ environments.
102. Because ____________________ change may be hurried, the potential for poorly conceived and executed
change is increased.
103. When individuals who will be affected by the impending change must be led to recognize why the change
is necessary the organization is ____________________.
104. Intangibles threatened by ____________________ include power, status, security, familiarity with existing
procedures, and self-confidence.
105. ____________________ is often the most effective technique for overcoming resistance to change.
106. Managers start by listing each set of forces and then trying to tip the balance so that the forces facilitating
the change outweigh those hindering the change when they are doing ____________________.
107. ERP is a(n) ____________________ change.
108. New line-staff structure and authority distribution are forms of ____________________ change.
109. One of the more difficult forms of organization change to accomplish involves changes in
____________________.
110. Many organizations have gone through massive and comprehensive change programs involving all aspects
of organization design, technology, and people. These changes are ____________________.
111. The systems concept of ____________________ can be used to explain why organizations engage in
reengineering.
112. Organization ____________________ is a planned, organization-wide effort to enhance organizational
effectiveness through behavioral science knowledge.
113. ____________________ are an OD technique in which questionnaires, attitude surveys, interviews, and
meetings assess various characteristics of the organization.
114. ____________________ is the OD technique that focuses on classroom training.
115. ____________________ can be appropriate on the individual, group, or organizational level. It usually
involves an OD consultant.
116. The organization development technique designed to enhance the effectiveness and satisfaction of
individuals who have to work in groups is formally known as ____________________.
117. Activities that are designed to bring about organization change through organization design, its technology,
and interrelationships with people are known as ____________________ activities.
118. ____________________ helps employees formulate their personal goals and evaluate strategies for
integrating their goals with the goals of the organization.
119. The first stage in the organizational innovation process is ____________________.
120. ____________________ is the managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services
and/or new uses for existing products or services.
121. The stage in which an organization takes a developed idea and uses it in the design of new products is the
innovation ____________________ stage.
122. Every successful innovation bears its own seeds of ____________________.
123. Rite Aid is using bigger fonts on its private label packages to make it easier for older customers to read.
This is an example of ____________________ innovation.
124. Walgreens is attaching magnifying glasses to shelves to help customers read packages. The change is an
example of ____________________ innovation.
125. Google allows employees to use 20 percent of their time (one day per week) to work on their own side
projects in order to foster ____________________.
126. A(n) ____________________ is a middle manager who learns about an inventor’s idea, becomes
committed to it, and then uses knowledge of the large company to help transform the idea into a marketable
product or service.
127. A(n) ____________________ is a top-level manager in a large organization who approves of and supports
the success of an inventor’s product.
128. Match the following. You may use a response once, more than once, or not at all.
1. An infusion of new products, services, or uses into
2. Concerned with changing attitudes, perceptions,
Organization
3. Any substantive modification to some part of the
Organization
129. Match the following. You may use a response once, more than once, or not at all.
Threatened
130. Match the following. You may use a response once, more than once, or not at all.
2. Enhances the effectiveness of people working in
3. Focus on organization design and its relationship
4. Focuses on integrating an employee’s goals with
5. May exist in a wide variety of forms, such as
6. Focuses on helping people perform better in the
Technostructural
Coaching and
Life and career
9. Focus on improving interdependent group
Third-party
131. Describe your own example of an external and an internal force for change.
132. The State Department and Department of Homeland Security issue travel warnings and alert levels for
activity around the world. If you were the CEO of Coca-Cola, a global company, how would you use that
information in your planning?
133. Briefly describe the Lewin model for organization change. As outlined in the text, what is the major
criticism of this model?
134. How do the steps in the comprehensive organization change model compare to those in the classical
decision-making model?
135. Describe how you would react if you found out your company was bought in a hostile takeover and you do
not know whether you will get fired.
136. You are the internal relations manager for American Eagle, a regional airline, when it is spun off from
American Airlines. How will you help the management team overcome resistance to the new structure?
137. The business world is a relatively unstable environment. However managers are needed in many careers
with more stability like state and federal government, school administration, and faith based organizations.
Where do you want to work? Describe the organizational change you expect to experience there.
138. What impact do you think globalization will have on the three areas of organization change?
139. Outline the steps in the reengineering process. Use diagrams if you need them to make your answer
clearer.
140. Define the term organization development. Briefly describe the basic assumptions on which OD efforts are
based.
141. List and briefly describe six organization development interventions.
142. Briefly describe the results that have been achieved using OD interventions. How do we know that the
results were the result of the intervention rather than some other factor?
143. Define the term organizational innovation. Briefly describe the stages of the innovation process.
144. List the major types of innovation and give an example of each.
145. How do the reward system and organization culture affect innovation in organizations?
146. Shoes with five toes were developed for people who want to go barefoot, but do not want to injure the skin
on their feet. They became even more popular when a book described the barefoot running abilities of people
native to Mexico. Use the innovation process to predict the future of shoes with toes.
147. Describe the three intrapreneurial roles in large organizations.