Management: A Focus on Leaders, 2e (McKee)
Chapter 13 Culture: It’s Powerful
1) Few people in a culture have deeply held values and beliefs.
2) Values are ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad.
3) Norms are standards of behavior that people in a group are expected to follow.
4) In Hofstede’s view of culture, a masculine culture has rigid values that are often militaristic.
5) According to the GLOBE study, societies that value structure have low uncertainty avoidance.
6) An organization with a strong culture always has a strong leader who has absolute control
over the organization.
7) How people dress in an organization is an example of Schein’s observable artifacts.
8) Espoused values for an organization are the values that the organization actually lives by.
9) Taboos are typically written prohibitions against specific practices.
10) The study of human culture is called ethnography.
11) Dynamic inquiry was developed to avoid the “find what you look for” approach of most
surveys.
12) Research finds that having a culture that supports diversity ensures that an organization will
be innovative.
13) In a well-run company, ethics should be considered a “program” rather than a way of doing
business.
14) It is difficult for wide-scale fraud to occur in an organization that supports an ethical culture.
15) An HR department can use a push strategy to promote diversity by making sure that all
hiring practices strictly avoid discrimination.
16) The EEOC is a law that prevents discrimination.
17) Behavior must cause economic hardship in order to be considered sexual harassment.
18) HR departments are usually responsible for enforcing sexual harassment laws.
19) A “pull” strategy is one that leads or guides people to do something rather than forcing them
to do it.
20) Cognitive cultural intelligence involves being able to pick up people’s cultural values by
observing.
21) Culture includes all of the following EXCEPT our ________.
A) values
B) beliefs
C) genes
D) traditions
22) Which statement is NOT true about culture?
A) Culture includes everything that people in a society have learned and share through traditions.
B) Culture is usually internalized by people.
C) Culture includes religion, but not the political ideologies.
D) Culture is closely linked to values.
23) Which of the following is NOT part of a culture’s values?
A) questions about right and wrong
B) questions about good and bad
C) questions about practices considered desirable or undesirable
D) questions about people’s wealth
24) Which statement is TRUE?
A) Values are disconnected from our emotions.
B) Organizations can possess values but people cannot.
C) Both organizations and people can possess values.
D) Values have little impact on our behavior in organizations.
25) A deeply held religious belief is likely to be a(n) ________.
A) attitude
B) value
C) more
D) norm
26) A(n) ________ will predispose a person to respond to a situation in a certain way.
A) folkway
B) more
C) value
D) attitude
27) A norm gets established by (n) ________.
A) individual
B) parent
C) cultural group
D) single leader
28) How you greet people when you see them on the street is an example of a(n) ________.
A) attitude
B) value
C) more
D) norm
29) Whether you feel positively or negatively inclined toward social networking websites is an
example of a(n) ________.
A) attitude
B) value
C) more
D) norm
30) The unwritten ways in which a cultural group feels about sexuality are best reflected in its
________.
A) folkways
B) mores
C) laws
D) legal system
31) Showing up in shorts and flip-flops at a formal wedding is an example of violating a
________.
A) folkway
B) more
C) culture
D) law
32) Which statement is TRUE about folkways and mores?
A) Folkways are more concerned with serious social issues than mores.
B) Folkways and mores are equally concerned with serious social issues.
C) Mores are more concerned with serious social issues than folkways.
D) Folkways and mores are not concerned with serious social issues.
33) What does Michael Gaines of CSL Behring think about trust across different cultures?
A) If trust is going to be established, it must be addressed immediately.
B) It often takes a while for trust to become established.
C) Authentic trust is rarely established between different cultures.
D) Authentic trust between cultures requires a shared native language.
34) Why is understanding culture increasingly important in today’s business world?
A) Organizations need to avoid splitting into subcultures.
B) Organizations employ a multicultural workforce.
C) U.S. labor laws require cultural training.
D) Global cultures will eventually merge.
35) A person who has no patience for ambiguity would have difficulty working in an
organization with a ________.
A) long-term orientation culture
B) low power distance culture
C) high masculinity culture
D) low uncertainty avoidance culture
36) What served as the basis for Hofstede’s dimensions of culture studies?
A) attitudes and values of IBM employees worldwide
B) Hofstede’s experiences over a lifetime
C) census data from various countries
D) analyzing media from over 40 different countries
37) People in a ________ culture feel threatened by change.
A) masculine
B) feminine
C) high power distance
D) high uncertainty avoidance
38) Which of Hofstede’s dimensions of culture would be most concerned about shame?
A) low femininity
B) short-term orientation
C) long-term orientation
D) high femininity
39) People in a ________ culture take refuge in the group or community.
A) high collectivist
B) low power distance
C) low uncertainty avoidance
D) high masculinity
40) A culture with a ________ would be likely to be led by a “strong man” leader.
A) low power distance
B) high power distance
C) low masculinity
D) low uncertainty avoidance
41) In Hofstede’s scheme, a masculine culture is ________.
A) assertive and materialistic
B) nurturing and materialistic
C) cooperative and collective
D) aggressive and athletic
42) The GLOBE project of value dimensions ________.
A) extends Hofstede’s model
B) contradicts Hofstede’s model
C) has none of the same dimensions as Hofstede’s model
D) has all of the same dimensions as Hofstede’s model
43) An organization that encourages all members to participate in economic, social, and political
processes would receive a high GLOBE score in ________.
A) future orientation
B) institutional collectivism
C) in-group collectivism
D) humane orientation
44) Austria places great importance on rules. According to the GLOBE project, the country has a
________ value dimension.
A) low power distance
B) high institutional collectivism
C) high uncertainty avoidance
D) high assertiveness
45) Organizations in Singapore place strong emphasis on employee training and development.
According to the GLOBE project, they have a ________ value dimension.
A) high performance orientation
B) high humane orientation
C) low institutional collectivism
D) low future orientation
46) Companies that sponsor monthly gatherings for employees and their families would have a
________ value dimension.
A) low gender differentiation
B) high institutional collectivism
C) high in-group collectivism
D) low power distance
47) Americans from different regions of the country are most likely to be members of ________.
A) a different culture
B) a different subculture
C) the same subculture but different cultures
D) a subculture but not a culture
48) A ________ culture has an external focus and a stability structure.
A) clan
B) adhocracy
C) market
D) hierarchy
49) A hierarchy culture has ________.
A) external focus and a stable structure
B) internal focus and a stable structure
C) external focus and a flexible structure
D) internal focus and a flexible structure
50) American companies are sometimes criticized for emphasizing quarterly results to keep
investors happy. This practice reflects high ________.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) performance orientation
C) short-term orientation
D) future orientation
51) A company like McKinsey, in which central values and norms are highly valued by
employees, has a ________ culture.
A) strong
B) central
C) weak
D) masculine
52) Which of the following is often a weakness of a strong organizational culture?
A) employee loyalty
B) stability
C) job security
D) adaptation to change
53) The jargon that people use within an organization is an example of a(n) ________.
A) observable artifact
B) value
C) attitude
D) basic assumption
54) Which aspects of a culture are most difficult for an outsider to observe and evaluate?
A) artifacts
B) values
C) attitudes
D) basic assumptions
55) An organization’s enacted values are revealed in ________.
A) its mission statement
B) its annual report
C) the behavior of its members
D) its employee handbook
56) Organizational myths reveal actions that stand as an example of ________.
A) perfect or evil behavior
B) cultural diversity
C) value dimensions
D) institutional collectivism
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57) A culture’s sacred symbol can be a(n) ________.
A) object, but not a person
B) object, but not an event
C) event or a person, but not an object
D) person, event, or object
58) When observation isn’t enough, students of organizational culture must become ________.
A) subcultures
B) ethnographers
C) culture warriors
D) cultural investigators
59) In a(n) ________ organizational culture, people are encouraged to take risks.
A) customer service
B) diversity
C) innovative
D) ethics
60) In an organizational culture that stresses ethics, the application of ethical values should be
________.
A) both explicit and implicit
B) the responsibility of HR
C) implicit yet verifiable
D) practiced by managers only