Chapter 13: Motivation
TRUE/FALSE
1. In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.
2. Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher-order needs will motivate
behavior.
3. Overreward frequently causes inequity.
4. Punishment is also called avoidance learning.
5. Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation
decisions.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:
a.
tangible and intangible needs
b.
physiological and psychological needs
c.
higher-order and lower-order needs
d.
extrinsic and intrinsic needs
e.
realized and unrealized needs
2. Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?
a.
valences
b.
reinforcement
c.
referents
d.
instrumentality
e.
expectancy
3. According to the expectancy theory, __________ affect the conscious choices that people make about
their motivation.
a.
equity, value-added, and instrumentality
b.
valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
c.
expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality
d.
instrumentality, equity, and expectancy
e.
expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
4. In a(n) __________ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior after different times,
some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specified average time.
a.
fixed interval
b.
variable interval
c.
fixed ratio
d.
variable ratio
e.
continuous ratio
5. Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:
a.
goal congruity
b.
goal commitment
c.
goal valence
d.
goal expectancy
e.
groupthink
6. Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?
a.
Feedback should not be specific.
b.
Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized.
c.
Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be
motivational.
d.
Goals can energize behavior.
e.
None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true.