66.
The four principal perspectives on motivation are (1) content, (2) process, (3) competence,
and (4) reinforcement.
67.
McClelland believes that achievement, affiliation, and power are major motives which
determine people’s behavior in the workplace and that we learn these from the culture and our
life experiences.
68.
Intrinsic motivation is not as long lasting as extrinsic motivation, and has a less positive impact
on task performance.
69.
Our perceptions of equity or fair treatment are significantly associated with job satisfaction,
commitment, performance, and turnover.
Multiple Choice Questions
70.
______ is defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed
behavior.
71.
A simple model of motivation does not include which of the following?
72.
Ricardo’s sales manager just informed his sales team that all sales in January will earn an
extra 5% commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n) _____.
73.
Paula’s management professor just told her class that the final exam is optional for students
like her who currently have an A. She decides to take the exam anyway, since she likes the
subject and wants to master the material. Paula is motivated to take the exam by a(n) _____.
74.
Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one
of the following theories?
75.
Maslow’s levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are _____.
76.
The need for status, reputation, and recognition are part of _____.
77.
After three shuttle accidents in three months, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a
driver, Citywide Shuttle drivers received additional training and all shuttles were retrofitted with
new braking systems. This helps to satisfy which of Maslow’s needs?
78.
An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related
coursework with a B or better, which helps them meet which of Maslow’s levels of need?
79.
For managers, the importance of Maslow’s contribution is that he showed that workers _____.
80.
To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to
satisfy the three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and _____.
81.
Using self-determination theory to motivate employees, at Cloud9, a data storage company,
the vice chair makes 10-20 phone calls a day to thank special employees “caught doing
something right.” This is an example of which one of the following innate needs?
82.
According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for
_____.
83.
Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building
mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a
_____.
84.
Even when he started his first job, Will was not content to be just one of the employees. His
boss noticed that he often coached his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even
when it wasn’t his job. Will probably has a _____.
85.
Sue is very aggressive at her job, and her coworkers complain that she often manipulates
them and her boss in order to get ahead. She attempts to direct everything and everyone,
regardless of the consequences to others or even the organization itself. Sue is expressing
what type of need for power?
86.
McClelland’s need for achievement corresponds most closely to _____.
87.
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor?
88.
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?
89.
According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, in the zone between the motivating factors and the
hygiene factors, employees are _____.
90.
According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied
with their jobs.
91.
______________ focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being
treated compared with others.
92.
Clint is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately,
perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies and lack of raises this year.
According to Herzberg, Clint should first concentrate on _____.
93.
According to Herzberg’s theory, the first thing managers of employees who dislike their jobs
should do is to _____.
94.
Theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act are
called _____.
95.
Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation?
96.
In equity theory, employees are motivated to _____.
97.
When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to _____.
98.
Randy complained to his boss Maryann that he received the same bonus this quarter as
everyone else, despite the longer hours he had worked and his higher level of experience,
production and efficiency. If Maryann can’t change the bonus, she should expect that Randy
might respond in any of the following ways except _____.
99.
The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if
they think they can get it is _____.
100.
After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end–
of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the
______ element of expectancy theory.
101.
______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired
outcome.
102.
At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20% raise if he met his production goals. Raises
were included in today’s paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he only
received a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan’s ______ will probably be ______.
103.
The HR manager told Jim that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family
of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here,
Jim is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory.
104.
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should _____.
105.
Goal-setting theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that have all of the
following characteristics except _____.
106.
According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following
except _____.
107.
Which of the following is the best statement of a goal?
108.
______ involves division of an organization’s work and applies motivational theories to jobs to
increase satisfaction and performance.
109.
__________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and
motivation.