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b. “I have made quite a few changes to the company’s objectives for next quarter, and I
expect that everyone will be prepared and ready to implement all changes by the end of
next month with no delay.”
c. “Now that I have shared my ideas with you all, I would like to spend a few minutes
answering any questions you may have.”
d. “Feel free to form your own groups for this project. You are more than welcome to
make the final decision as long as you stay within the budget.”
59. Which quote is most representative of an autocratic leadership style?
a. “You are all going to be so thrilled when you see what projects that I have set in place
for the next few weeks. I went ahead and made a list of benefits that each project will
surely create for our company.”
b. “I have made quite a few changes to the company’s objectives for next quarter, and I
expect that everyone will be prepared and ready to implement all changes by the end of
next month with no delay.”
c. “Now that I have shared my ideas with you all, I would like to spend a few minutes
answering any questions you may have.”
d. “Feel free to form your own groups for this project. You are more than welcome to
make the final decision as long as you stay within the budget.”
60. The two leadership styles identified by the ______ are task-oriented leadership and
relationship-oriented leadership.
a. contingency leadership model
b. leadership continuum model
c. path-goal model
d. situational leadership model
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61. A major criticism of the contingency leadership model is that it ______.
a. is too cumbersome to use
b. is too new and untested
c. is often difficult to change a situation
d. offers too many leadership style choices
62. Which of the following is NOT a subordinate situational factor to be considered
when using the path-goal leadership model?
a. locus of control
b. ability
c. formal authority
d. authoritarianism
63. The path-goal leadership model uses subordinate and ______ situational factors to
determine the leadership style that affects goal achievement through performance and
satisfaction.
a. leader
b. competitive
c. organizational
d. environmental
64. Pier is trying to determine which leadership style to use in making a decision that
may have a major impact on his company. He’s using the time-driven version of a
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model that requires him to answer seven questions in order to determine which of five
possible leadership styles he should use. Which approach to situational leadership is
Pier working with?
a. path-goal model
b. normative leadership model
c. leadership continuum model
d. contingency leadership model
65. A major criticism of the normative leadership model is that it ______.
a. is too cumbersome to use
b. is too new and untested
c. is often difficult to change a situation
d. offers too many leadership style choices
66. Which of the following is not TRUE about members of in-groups under LMX theory?
a. They get better assignments.
b. They receive higher performance ratings.
c. They have greater levels of job satisfaction.
d. They are more likely to become LMX leaders themselves.
67. Which of the following is not TRUE about situations with in– and out-groups?
a. They create status differences between members.
b. They create conflict.
c. The in- and out-groups will not have group cohesiveness.
d. They encourage and facilitate movement from the out-group to the in-group.
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68. Leader-Member Exchange theory is based on ______ relationships between
leaders and their followers.
a. transformational exchange
b. power exchange
c. formal exchange
d. social exchange
69. Leader-Member Exchange theory emphasizes the unique ______ relationships that
develop between leaders and each individual subordinate.
a. delineated
b. dyadic
c. dual
d. divergent
70. Which statement best describes a visionary leader?
a. a type of leader who creates an image of the organization in the future that provides
direction for setting goals and developing strategic plans
b. a type of leader that inspires loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance
c. a type of leader who brings about continuous learning, innovation, and change
d. a type of leader who develops open, honest, trusting relationships
71. Which statement best describes an authentic leader?
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a. a type of leader who creates an image of the organization in the future that provides
direction for setting goals and developing strategic plans
b. a type of leader that inspires loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance
c. a type of leader who brings about continuous learning, innovation, and change
d. a type of leader who develops open, honest, trusting relationships
72. Which statement best describes a transformational leader?
a. a type of leader who creates an image of the organization in the future that provides
direction for setting goals and developing strategic plans
b. a type of leader that inspires loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance
c. a type of leader who brings about continuous learning, innovation, and change
d. a type of leader who develops open, honest, trusting relationships
73. ______ leaders are good at overcoming resistance to change.
a. Transformational
b. Servant
c. Transactional
d. Charismatic
74. ______ leaders are especially needed in firms with growth strategies competing in
dynamic environments.
a. Charismatic
b. Transformational
c. Servant
d. Transactional
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75. Which statement best describes a charismatic leader?
a. a type of leader who creates an image of the organization in the future that provides
direction for setting goals and developing strategic plans
b. a type of leader that inspires loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance
c. a type of leader who brings about continuous learning, innovation, and change
d. a type of leader who develops open, honest, trusting relationships
76. Philippe’s company got its start building simple logic control circuits for various
household appliances. They’ve recently changed their focus to designing custom
software to be used in Internet-enabled appliances. To date, they’ve designed software
for refrigerators that keeps an inventory of certain products and reorders items before
they run out. They’ve also designed software for ovens, clothes washers and dryers,
and dishwashers. Currently, the board of directors is seeking a new CEO for the
company to execute a growth strategy as they try to compete in an incredibly dynamic
and evolving environment. Which type of leader is likely most appropriate for this
company?
a. charismatic
b. transformational
c. transactional
d. authentic
77. ______ leaders promote stability rather than change and are described as task and
reward oriented, structured, and passive.
a. Charismatic
b. Servant
c. Transactional
d. Visionary
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78. ______ is based on the premise that leaders who are best able to motivate followers
are those who focus on prioritizing the fulfilment of followers’ needs ahead of self–
interest.
a. Visionary
b. Charismatic
c. Servant
d. Transactional
79. ______ leaders emphasize building legitimacy through honest relationships with
followers, seeking their input to improvement performance.
a. Transformational
b. Authentic
c. Charismatic
d. Transactional
80. The majority of leadership theories were developed in ______.
a. Great Britain
b. the United States
c. Japan
d. Germany
81. Given the increasing globalization of business, one important variable that needs to
be considered when selecting a leadership style under a situational management
approach is the ______.
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a. cultural expectation of the leader
b. nationality of the leader compared to the followers
c. proximity of the followers to the leader
d. leader’s gender and age
82. Men are often viewed as ______.
a. bossy and territorial
b. decisive and emotionally intelligent
c. intuitive and assertive
d. confident and having leadership qualities
83. Women who exhibit leadership behaviors similar to those exhibited by men who are
considered good leaders are often viewed as ______.
a. bossy and territorial
b. decisive and emotionally intelligent
c. intuitive and assertive
d. confident and having leadership qualities
84. Leaders who make decisions based on big data are ______ than those that don’t.
a. equally successful
b. more successful
c. less successful
d. It is not clear whether big data leads to more successful decisions or not.
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85. ______ is being used to describe managers who actively pursue corporate social
responsibility initiatives.
a. Ethical leadership
b. Moral leadership
c. Responsible leadership
d. Social leadership
1. Leadership is ranked in the top five skills companies value in new hires.
2. One of the four dimensions of trustworthiness is consistency.
3. Research shows that we are all born with the same level of natural leadership ability.
4. Teaching leadership theories contributes to developing leaders’ skills.
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5. Leadership is broader in scope than management.
6. Leading is a function of managing, along with planning, organizing, and controlling.
7. The terms leader and manager are interchangeable.
8. While leadership has been a subject of inquiry for centuries, many see leadership
theory as an area of research that is still underdeveloped.
9. While there is no universally accepted list of leadership traits, some contemporary
leadership theories include traits.
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10. Not all successful leaders are spiritual.
11. The trend is for companies to develop ethical cultures.
12. Four-dimensional leadership styles are four possible leadership styles that are
based on the dimensions of job structure, leader power, employee maturity, and
employee consideration.
13. The structuring dimension focuses on getting the job done.
14. The consideration dimension focuses on taking into consideration the nature of the
task to be completed.
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15. The job-centered style is analogous to consideration.
16. The Leadership Grid identifies the ideal leadership style as incorporating a high
concern for production and a moderate concern for people.
17. There is a current trend towards bossless organizations in which self-leadership
becomes increasingly important.
18. While past leader-member exchange research focused on in and out groups, the
current focus is on developing positive relationships.
19. Few charismatic leaders are also visionary and transformational leaders.
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20. Charismatic leaders inspire continuous learning, innovation, and change.
21. Research strongly suggests that men and women lead differently.
Essay
1. State the differences among trait, behavioral, and situational leadership theorists.
2. List and describe the characteristics of trustworthiness.
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3. Explain why the terms manager and leader are not interchangeable.
4. Describe leadership trait theory.
5. Discuss the role of spirituality in the modern workplace.
6. Discuss Kurt Lewin’s findings regarding basic leadership styles.
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7. Explain the differences between the Ohio State University and University of Michigan
leadership models.
8. List and define the four leadership styles of the situational leadership model.
9. State the primary difference between the contingency leadership model and other
situational approaches to leadership.
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10. Explain the difference between transformational and transactional leadership.
11. Define authentic leadership and discuss the difficulty inherent in trying to be an
authentic leader.
12. Discuss the ways in which gender-specific societal roles and behavior expectations
contribute to gender diversity leadership issues in the United States.