Managing Quality: Integrating the Supply Chain, 6e (Foster)
Chapter 11 Statistically Based Quality Improvement for Variables
1) ________ is a decision-making skill demonstrated by the ability to draw conclusions based on
data.
A) Data interlinking
B) Process benchmarking
C) Rational subgrouping
D) Statistical thinking
E) Qualitative modeling
2) ________ is based on the concept that all work occurs in a system of interconnected
processes.
A) Statistical thinking
B) Qualitative modeling
C) Process benchmarking
D) Rational subgrouping
E) Data interlinking
3) Producer’s risk is also called a ________ error.
A) type I
B) non-response
C) type II
D) processing
E) response
4) Consumer’s risk is also called a ________ error.
A) processing
B) non-response
C) type II
D) response
E) type I
5) ________ is the probability that a good product will be rejected.
A) Retailer’s risk
B) Consumer’s risk
C) Manufacturer’s risk
D) Management’s risk
E) Producer’s risk
6) ________ is the probability that a nonconforming product will be available for sale.
A) Producer’s risk
B) Consumer’s risk
C) Retailer’s risk
D) Management’s risk
E) Manufacturer’s risk
7) ________ happens when statistical quality analysis fails to result in the scrapping or
reworking of a defective product.
A) Management’s risk
B) Producer’s risk
C) Manufacturer’s risk
D) Retailer’s risk
E) Consumer’s risk
8) To ensure that processes are stable, data are gathered in ________.
A) batches
B) networks
C) samples
D) lots
E) sets
9) Which of the following is not one of the alternative names for one hundred percent samples?
A) screening samples
B) sorting samples
C) rectifying samples
D) detailing samples
E) stabilizing samples
10) ________ is useful because it ensures independence among observations.
A) Process capability
B) Optimization
C) Population distribution
D) Process stability
E) Randomization
11) To ________ means to sample in such a way that every piece of product has an equal chance
of being selected for inspection.
A) randomize
B) optimize
C) stabilize
D) rectify
E) modify
12) Samples can be ________ according to time or according to sequence.
A) random
B) uncontrollable
C) indefinite
D) systematic
E) stochastic
13) A ________ subgroup is a group of data that is logically homogeneous.
A) primary
B) rational
C) process
D) variable
E) stable
14) Variation within the data in a ________ subgroup can provide a yardstick for computing
limits on the standard variation between subgroups.
A) process
B) variable
C) primary
D) stable
E) rational
15) Which of the following provides a documented, proactive approach to defining how to
respond when process control charts show a process is out of control?
A) response charts
B) control plans
C) control charts
D) response plans
E) process plans
16) The ________ is the difference between the largest measurement and the smallest
measurement in a particular sample.
A) range
B) median
C) mode
D) standard deviation
E) mean
17) A ________ is used when data are geometrically distributed.
A) p chart
B) u chart
C) c chart
D) h chart
E) g chart
18) ________ refers to the ability of a process to produce a product that meets specifications.
A) Process stability
B) Process attribute
C) Process variability
D) Process capability
E) Process conformance
19) World-class levels of process capability are measured by ________ defect levels.
A) parts per million
B) parts per hundred thousand
C) parts per ten thousand
D) parts per thousand
E) parts per hundred
20) The diameter of a mason jar is 3 inches but can be as large as 3.03 inches and as small as
2.97 inches. Twenty-five samples of mason jars are taken and it is discovered that these
components have a grand mean of 3.01 inches and a standard deviation of 0.02 inches. What is
the probability of producing a bad product?
A) 0.60
B) 0.18
C) 0.33
D) 0.45
E) 0.84
21) A 50-volt battery must be between 55 and 45 volts when it leaves the factory. Two hundred
samples of batteries have yielded the following data: average charge of 49 volts with a standard
deviation of 2.5 volts. What is the process capability?
A) 0.06
B) 0.80
C) 0.53
D) 0.12
E) 0.38
22) A 50-volt battery must be between 55 and 45 volts when it leaves the factory. Two hundred
samples of batteries have yielded the following data: average charge of 49 volts with a standard
deviation of 2.5 volts. What is the probability of producing an out-of-spec battery?
A) 0.06
B) 0.80
C) 0.53
D) 0.12
E) 0.32
23) The diameter of a mason jar is 3 inches but can be as large as 3.03 inches and as small as
2.97 inches. Twenty five samples of mason jars are taken and it is discovered that these
components have a grand mean of 3.01 inches and a standard deviation of 0.02 inches. What is
the capability of this process?
A) 0.08
B) 0.16
C) 0.33
D) 0.49
E) 0.66
24) The upper and lower specifications for metal head plates are 5 ±0.1 cm. A sample of the
metal head plates in 25 undergraduates yields a mean of 5.05. We know that the population
standard deviation is 0.04. What is the population capability index?
A) 2.15
B) 2.51
C) 1.25
D) 1.52
E) 0.42
25) The upper and lower specifications for metal head plates are 5 ±0.1 cm. A sample of the
metal head plates in 25 undergraduates yields a mean of 5.05. What is the population standard
deviation if the population capability index is 1.666?
A) 0.01
B) 0.02
C) 0.03
D) 0.04
E) 0.05
26) Statistical thinking is a decision-making skill demonstrated by the ability to draw
conclusions based on data.
27) Statistical thinking is based on the concept that understanding variation and increasing
variation are important keys to success.
28) One of the reasons that statistical tools are deemed to fail is because people have a poor
understanding of the scientific method.
29) Statistical tools focus on causes rather than effects.
30) In the study of quality, Type I error is called consumer’s risk.
31) Producer’s risk is the probability that a nonconforming product will be available for sale.
32) Consumer’s risk happens when statistical quality analysis fails to result in the scrapping or
reworking of a defective product.
33) Process charts are graphs designed to signal process workers when nonrandom variation is
occurring in a process.
34) One hundred percent samples are also known as screening samples.
35) If a sample is systematic according to time, the product is inspected at regular intervals of
time.
36) The cusum chart is used for monitoring variables and measurement on a continuous scale.
37) The moving average chart uses past information to predict what the next process outcome
will be.
38) Control chart limits should be updated only when there is a change to the process.
39) Process stability refers to the ability of a process to produce a product that meets
specification.
40) World-class levels of process capability are measured by parts per million defect levels.
41) Quality practitioners should not compare process chart limits with product specifications.
42) Processes that achieve capability indexes of 1.25 are world-class capable.
43) A process is capable if only common variation is present in the process.
44) Interlinking is useful in helping to identify causal relationships between variables.
45) Explain why random samples are difficult to achieve in a production environment.
46) Process control requires that data be gathered in samples. Discuss random sampling and
systematic sampling and provide examples of each sampling method.
47) What is the difference between a variable and an attribute?
48) ________ variation is centered on a mean and occurs with a somewhat consistent amount of
dispersion.
A) Nonrandom
B) Specific
C) Systematic
D) Abnormal
E) Random
49) Which of the following is true of random variation?
A) It has a cause that can be identified.
B) It can be easily controlled.
C) It occurs with a somewhat consistent amount of dispersion.
D) It results in a process that is not repeatable.
E) It results from a shift in a process mean or some unexpected occurrence.
50) ________ variation results from some event, such as shift in a process mean or some
unexpected occurrence.
A) Uncontrollable
B) Nonrandom
C) Stochastic
D) Random
E) Indefinite