Chapter 11: Motivating for High Performance
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The first step in the motivation process is __________.
a.
need
b.
behavior
c.
motive
d.
satisfaction or dissatisfaction
2. What are the three parts of effort?
a.
Initiation of effort, motivation of effort, and direction of effort
b.
Motivation of effort, direction of effort, and process of effort
c.
Initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort
d.
Initiation of effort, persistence of effort, and correction of effort
3. Motivation is ______________.
a.
the need to achieve organization objectives
b.
the willingness to achieve organization objectives
c.
the process of achieving organization objectives
d.
the consequence of achieving organization objectives
4. What does initiation of effort refer to?
a.
How much effort to exert
b.
Where to put the effort
c.
How long effort will persist
d.
What type of effort to engage in
5. Managers’ expectations of employees can impact the employees’ motivation. This is called
______.
a.
motivation process
b.
Pygmalion effect
c.
performance formula
d.
leadership
6. Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past five years. As the business has grown,
Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point where he is working
on over 10 projects every quarter. Saad’s supervisor, Vance, wants Saad to hire two assistant
managers to aid Saad in managing projects; however, while Saad agrees that he is becoming
overwhelmed, he fears that additional employees will make completing the projects more
difficult, which makes him hesitant to agree with Vance’s plan. Saad appears to be stuck at
which step of the motivational process?
a.
Need
b.
Motive
c.
Satisfaction or dissatisfaction
d.
Feedback
7. Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past five years. As the business has grown,
Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point where he is working
on over 10 projects every quarter. Saad has asked his supervisor, Vance, to hire two assistant
managers to aid in completing the projects, but Vance doesn’t agree that extra help is necessary
at this point. Vance appears to be stuck at which step of the motivational process?
a.
Need
b.
Motive
c.
Satisfaction or dissatisfaction
d.
Feedback
8. There is a special project division at Empire Consulting in which teams select which projects
the teams wants to pursue rather than simply being assigned a project by the manager. At their
monthly meeting, the team is trying to decide between whether to take on a project regarding
infrastructure budgeting or whether they should focus on employee performance levels
companywide. Which part of motivational effort is primarily being assessed in the meeting?
a.
Initiation of effort
b.
Direction of effort
c.
Persistence of effort
d.
Intensity of effort
9. The performance formula is performance =
_________________________________________.
a.
motivation + ability + resources
b.
effort x ability x resources
c.
motivation x ability x resources
d.
motivation x effort x talent
10. Your ability is ___________________________.
a.
what you are good at doing
b.
what you like to do
c.
what you decide to do
d.
what you use to get things done
11. Which of the following is not a major class of motivation theory?
a.
Content motivation theories
b.
Internal motivation theories
c.
Process motivation theories
d.
Reinforcement theories
12. ____________________ focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill
their needs.
a.
Process motivation theories
b.
Content motivation theories
c.
Reinforcement theories
d.
Internal motivation theories
13. ___________________ propose that the consequences of their behavior will motivate
employees to behave in predetermined ways.
a.
Process motivation theories
b.
Content motivation theories
c.
Reinforcement theories
d.
Internal motivation theories
14. Gerson has all the skills to be a great manager but he lacks the desire to be anything more than a
regular employee. Which factor contributes the most to Gerson’s low performance?
a.
Motivation
b.
Ability
c.
Resources
d.
Skills
15. Hierarchy of needs theory is one of the ______________.
a.
process motivation theories
b.
content motivation theories
c.
reinforcement theories
d.
internal motivation theories
16. Arshdeep is studying for his Principles of Management final when he asks himself, “Why am I
even doing this?” This is a problem with which component of performance?
a.
Motivation
b.
Ability
c.
Resources
d.
Skills
17. Sarah spends two hours a day for a week preparing for an exam. Her friend, Dinesh, only
prepares for three hours the night before the exam and always has a grade at least 8 points
higher. In which component of performance might Dinesh be considered stronger than Sarah?
a.
Motivation
b.
Ability
c.
Performance
d.
Skills
18. Which of the following is not one of the five needs in the hierarchy of needs theory of
motivation?
a.
Social needs
b.
Safety needs
c.
Intrinsic needs
d.
Esteem needs
19. Clayton Alderfer agreed with Maslow that __________.
a.
unsatisfied needs motivate individuals
b.
people have five levels of needs
c.
people’s needs are arranged in order of importance from basic to complex
d.
people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level
needs have been satisfied
20. The idea that employees are motivated by motivators rather than by maintenance factors
belongs to which motivational theory?
a.
Hierarchy of needs theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Two-factor theory
d.
Acquired needs theory
21. The maintenance factors of two-factor theory are also called __________.
a.
basic motivators
b.
low motivators
c.
extrinsic motivators
d.
intrinsic motivators
22. The motivators of two-factor theory are also called __________.
a.
extrinsic motivators
b.
intrinsic motivators
c.
advanced motivators
d.
high-level motivators
23. Job enrichment is most closely related to which motivational theory?
a.
Hierarchy of needs
b.
Acquired needs theory
c.
Two-factor theory
d.
Reinforcement theory
24. Jamal wants to hire employees who have a strong desire to achieve high levels of performance.
He isn’t interested in employees with a high need for power over others or relationships with
others. Which of the following theories does Jamal agree mostly with?
a.
Hierarchy of needs theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Two-factor theory
d.
Acquired needs theory
25. Which theory proposes that motivating employees comes from their needs for achievement,
power, and affiliation?
a.
Hierarchy of needs theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Two-factor theory
d.
Acquired needs theory
26. Which theory holds that needs are based on personality and are developed and learned as people
interact with the environment?
a.
Acquired needs theory
b.
Hierarchy of needs theory
c.
ERG theory
d.
Two-factor theory
27. In terms of acquired needs theory, managers tend to have __________.
a.
High n Pow, high n Ach, high n Aff
b.
High n Pow, high n Ach, low n Aff
c.
High n Pow, low n Ach, high n Aff
d.
High n Pow, low n Ach, low n Aff
28. Maslow’s physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the ERG theory of
motivation?
a.
Existence
b.
Relatedness
c.
Growth
d.
ERG theory does not include physiological and safety needs.
29. Maslow’s physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the acquired needs
theory of motivation?
a.
Achievement
b.
Power
c.
Affiliation
d.
Acquired needs theory does not include physiological and safety needs.
30. Each of the following needs from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is considered to be a
maintenance factor under two-factor theory, except __________.
a.
safety
b.
physiological
c.
esteem
d.
social
31. Which of the following is classified as a way organizations satisfy safety needs, according to the
hierarchy of needs theory?
a.
Food
b.
Shelter
c.
Love
d.
Insurance
32. Lance started a new position last year but is having trouble fitting in. Though he likes his job
and is doing well at it, he has yet to really get to know his coworkers and is starting to exhibit
withdrawal behaviors. He finds himself missing his last job, where he had developed many
close relationships with his coworkers. For Lance, which element of the hierarchy of needs is
proving problematic?
a.
Esteem
b.
Social
c.
Self-actualization
d.
Safety
33. Due to increased competition, Yvonne’s company, Caramel Industries, has announced that they
will be making a workforce reduction. Yvonne recently bought a house and is worried that she
will be part of the reduction. For Yvonne, which element of the hierarchy of needs is not being
met?
a.
Social
b.
Esteem
c.
Self-actualization
d.
Safety
34. After working at Caramel Industries for 10 years, Blair has decided to return to college to earn a
master’s of science in management, which is something she’s felt she was meant to do for some
time now. For Blair, which element of the hierarchy of needs explains her decision?
a.
Esteem
b.
Social
c.
Self-actualization
d.
Safety
35. ____________ is a theory that proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived
inputs equal outputs.
a.
Equity theory
b.
Reinforcement theory
c.
Goal-setting theory
d.
Expectancy theory
36. Under equity theory, all of the following would be considered a possible input, except
__________.
a.
status
b.
seniority
c.
pay
d.
intelligence
37. Under equity theory, all of the following would be considered a possible output, except
__________.
a.
effort
b.
praise
c.
recognition
d.
benefits
38. In equity theory, the people we compare ourselves to are called __________.
a.
referent individuals
b.
relevant others
c.
realistic comparators
d.
reward contrasts
39. When motivating using equity theory, managers should be aware that equity is based on
__________.
a.
values
b.
beliefs
c.
attitudes
d.
perceptions
40. Instrumentality is part of the _________ theory.
a.
equity theory
b.
reinforcement theory
c.
goal-setting theory
d.
expectancy theory
41. Roger wants to motivate his employees by offering each the reward they most value for the
accomplishment of a task they are confident they can complete. Which theory is Roger
applying?
a.
Equity theory
b.
Reinforcement theory
c.
ERG theory
d.
Expectancy theory
42. Who created the formula for the expectancy theory?
a.
B. F. Skinner
b.
David McClelland
c.
Victor Vroom
d.
J. Stacy Adams
43. __________ refers to the perception of the relationship between performance and the outcome.
a.
Expectancy
b.
Equity
c.
Instrumentality
d.
Valence
44. __________ refers to the value a person places on the outcome of a situation.
a.
Expectancy
b.
Equity
c.
Instrumentality
d.
Valence
45. __________ refers to the person’s perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.
a.
Expectancy
b.
Equity
c.
Instrumentality
d.
Valence
46. Process motivation theories focus on ___________.
a.
identifying and understanding employees’ needs
b.
understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs
c.
understanding how consequences of employee behavior will motivate them to
behave in predetermined ways
d.
understanding how employees learn their needs over time
47. The idea that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees is central to ____________.
a.
expectancy theory
b.
goal-setting theory
c.
ERG theory
d.
equity theory
48. The most researched approach to work motivation is __________.
a.
acquired needs theory
b.
equity theory
c.
goal-setting theory
d.
reinforcement theory
49. The __________ theory proposes that the consequences of employees’ behavior will motivate
employees to behave in predetermined ways.
a.
equity theory
b.
reinforcement theory
c.
goal-setting theory
d.
expectancy theory
50. Operant conditioning is another name for __________.
a.
equity theory
b.
expectancy theory
c.
goal-setting theory
d.
reinforcement theory
51. The four types of reinforcement are _______________.
a.
valence, coercive, neutral, and inconsistent
b.
reward, negative, absolute, and indirect
c.
positive, avoidance, punishment, and extinction
d.
direct, negative, punishment, and indirect