Management, 9e (Kinicki)
Chapter 11 Managing Individual Differences and Behaviour:
Supervising People as People
1) Jamal feels flushed and his heart starts to beat faster when he hears his coworkers describe
customers as ignorant. This response is his emotional regulation.
2) Those who have the Type A behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to
accomplish more in less time.
3) Internals likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or
sales commissions.
4) A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest,
saying “My grandmother smokes and she’s in her 80s,” is attempting to increase cognitive
dissonance.
5) Lynn has hired two new employees for her team, Jacques and Bailey. Jacques is outgoing and
physically attractive, while Bailey is very bright but seems quiet and unsure. Lynn immediately
expects Jacques to outperform Bailey at the job. Lynn is likely experiencing the halo effect.
6) At a recent sales meeting, Kyle blamed his poor sales numbers on bad luck, unclear sales
targets, and unfair sales territories. Kyle is engaged in self-serving bias.
7) An example of a self-fulfilling prophecy is a server who expects some poorly dressed customers
to be stingy tippers, who therefore gives them poor service, and so gets the result he expected—a
much lower tip than usual.
8) Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has
a high one-day return provide an example of the recency effect.
9) The glass ceiling is a concept that applies to women, but not to minorities.
10) Your supervisor says the company needs you to stay late to meet an important deadline, but
your family expects you to be present for your child’s birthday party. You are experiencing role
overload.
11) Workplace stress diminishes all of the following EXCEPT
A) positive emotions.
B) job satisfaction.
C) organizational commitment.
D) job performance.
E) job turnover.
12) ________ consists of stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his
or her identity.
A) Character
B) Personality
C) Attitudes
D) Attributions
E) Values
13) Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
A) tolerance for ambiguity
B) extroversion
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness
E) emotional stability
14) ________ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious,
and broad-minded a person is.
A) Inquisitiveness
B) Openness to experience
C) Emotional stability
D) Extroversion
E) Inventiveness
15) ________ is the personality dimension that describes how achievement-oriented and persistent
a person is.
A) Emotional stability
B) Locus of control
C) Extroversion
D) Conscientiousness
E) Self-efficacy
16) Odell is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low
on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?
A) self-monitoring
B) conscientiousness
C) extroversion
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability
17) Roberto really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply
to share stories with other interesting people. Roberto probably scores high in
A) emotional stability.
B) conscientiousness.
C) agreeableness.
D) extroversion.
E) openness to experience.
18) Margarita believes that she controls her own destiny. She is a rather shy person who is
extremely dependable and responsible, and her coworkers respect her greatly. Margarita has a(n)
________ locus of control and would rate high on the ________ dimension of personality.
A) external; extroversion
B) neutral; agreeableness
C) internal; conscientiousness
D) unstable; openness to experience
E) positive; emotional stability
19) Ashish is always coming up with new ideas and seeking funding to explore them. He sees
opportunities in the marketplace and wants to be the first person to come up with new products and
services that customers want. Ashish, a person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to
influence the environment, has a(n) ________ personality.
A) proactive
B) emotionally stable
C) extroverted
D) emotionally intelligent
E) self-efficacious
20) If you have a(n) ________, you believe you control your own destiny.
A) tolerance for ambiguity
B) low level of self-efficacy
C) external locus of control
D) internal locus of control
E) high level of learned helplessness
21) People with ________ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that
effort leads to performance.
A) high self-efficacy
B) high self-monitoring
C) low self-efficacy
D) an internal locus of control
E) an external locus of control
22) Employees with a(n) ________ locus of control will probably resist close managerial
supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance.
A) high
B) low
C) external
D) absent
E) internal
23) Maggie’s manager notices that she exhibits an external locus of control when she speaks about
her work. Her manager should
A) assign Maggie to a highly structured job requiring greater compliance.
B) place Maggie in a job requiring high initiative and low compliance.
C) give Maggie a job with little social contact with coworkers and customers.
D) direct Maggie toward a job with more autonomy.
E) provide incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions.
24) ________ is the extent to which people feel secure and unworried.
A) Self-esteem
B) Openness to experience
C) Self-efficacy
D) Locus of control
E) Emotional stability
25) Boring, tedious jobs generally reduce people’s perceptions of their
A) self-esteem.
B) anxiety.
C) tolerance for pain.
D) level of extroversion.
E) self-efficacy.
26) Justyne supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this
situation, she should do all the following EXCEPT
A) serve as a role model and mentor to them.
B) provide guided experiences.
C) avoid rewarding small successes.
D) nurture their self-efficacy.
E) give positive feedback and constructive pointers.
27) ________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.
A) Emotional stability
B) Self-awareness
C) Locus of control
D) Self-efficacy
E) Self-esteem
28) People with low self-esteem ________ than those with higher self-esteem.
A) are more dependent on others
B) choose more unconventional jobs
C) focus more on their strengths
D) handle failure better
E) exhibit more aggressive behavior
29) If a manager knows one of her employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she
should
A) provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses.
B) avoid delegating work to this employee.
C) redesign the work so that it is routine and structured.
D) reinforce the employee’s positive attributes and skills.
E) avoid giving feedback.
30) People high in ________ are responsive to others’ social and interpersonal cues.
A) self-esteem
B) external locus of control
C) emotional intelligence
D) self-efficacy
E) agreeableness
31) Which emotional intelligence trait tends to be empathetic?
A) social awareness
B) self-awareness
C) self-efficacy
D) self-management
E) relationship management
32) Which of the following is NOT a trait of emotional intelligence?
A) self-awareness
B) self-sufficiency
C) relationship management
D) social awareness
E) self-management
33) ________ is the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable
and adaptable ways.
A) Self-awareness
B) Situational awareness
C) Social awareness
D) Self-management
E) Relationship management
34) The interdisciplinary field of organizational ________ tries to explain and predict workplace
behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others.
A) awareness
B) development
C) culture
D) strategy
E) behavior
35) ________ are abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situations.
A) Ethics
B) Cultures
C) Perceptions
D) Attitudes
E) Values
36) The three components of ________ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
A) values
B) stress
C) job satisfaction
D) personality
E) attitudes
37) The ________ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a
situation.
A) behavioral
B) decisional
C) perceptual
D) affective
E) cognitive
38) The statement “I really don’t like that Randall got so angry in that meeting” reflects the
________ component of an attitude.
A) behavioral
B) factual
C) cognitive
D) value
E) affective
39) The statement “I won’t give Austin such a tight deadline again” reflects the ________
component of an attitude.
A) affective
B) decisional
C) cognitive
D) behavioral or intentional
E) factual
40) The statement “Mackenzie is slow to return phone calls” reflects the ________ component of
an attitude.
A) behavioral
B) decisional
C) perceptual
D) affective
E) cognitive
41) Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors,
they will seek to reduce
A) group behavior.
B) fundamental attribution.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) causal attribution.
E) a self-serving bias.
42) Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance
be greatest?
A) when the individual has little control
B) when large amounts of money are on the line
C) when the elements seem like an inconsequential ambiguity
D) when there is little emotional investment in the situation
E) when the components of attitude have no inconsistency
43) Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?
A) Change your attitude.
B) Complete an emotional intelligence assessment.
C) Change your behavior.
D) Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones.
E) Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior.