Management: A Focus on Leaders, 2e (McKee)
Chapter 11 Working in a Virtual World: Technology as a Way of Life
1) ICTs are information and communication technologies.
2) Technology includes both the tools to change the environment and the knowledge of how to
change the environment.
3) Sociotechnical systems theory states that optimizing the technical elements of work can
eliminate unpredictability.
4) Sociotechnical systems theory states that technological advances always result in
organizational success.
5) The First Industrial Revolution focused largely on machinery.
6) Adam Smith felt that optimum use of society’s resources required a free market to set prices
for goods and services.
7) Instant, long-distance communication did not arise until the Third Industrial Revolution.
8) Internet features such as e-mail are a product of Web 2.0.
9) Cloud computing is an example of the centralization of computer services.
10) An example of cloud computing is Google Docs.
11) An intranet enables organizations to communicate securely with customers.
12) Craigslist is an example of a wiki.
13) Wikis are a type of groupware.
14) A hybrid worker spends part of his or her time in a company office and part of the time
working at home or while traveling.
15) Trust is important in virtual teams because supervision is difficult to accomplish at a
distance.
16) Netflix is one example of a co-alliance structural model of virtual organizations.
17) eBay is an example of a peer-to-peer network because it allows file-sharing.
18) A key advantage that virtual education systems have is the ability to serve niche markets
with specialized classes.
19) The consequences of inadequate knowledge management systems at work aren’t usually so
dire.
20) Devising policies to monitor electronic communications in an organization is typically done
by HR departments.
21) ICTs include ________ related to electronic communication and information sharing.
A) all hardware and software
B) all hardware
C) Internet protocols
D) software and intellectual property
22) Technology can be best thought of as the use of ________.
A) networks
B) policies
C) tools
D) extensions of the brain
23) Which of the following is NOT a capability that Robert Reich identifies as important for
operating in a virtual world?
A) abstract reasoning skills
B) ability to experiment
C) computer programming skills
D) systems thinking skills
24) Sociotech is concerned with the ________.
A) interaction between work and leisure
B) relationship between machines and the people who make them
C) likelihood that machines will one day control people
D) interaction between technology and people
25) Sociotechnical systems theory states that technological advances ________.
A) always lead to productivity advances
B) don’t necessarily lead to organizational success
C) never lead to productivity advances
D) are not related to productivity advances
26) Sociotech theory states that when new technology is implemented, efffective performance
will increase only if ________.
A) technological elements are optimized
B) social elements are optimized
C) both technological and social elements are optimized
D) the technology is state-of-the-art and properly installed
27) When technical and social elements are not fully optimized for new technology, ________
can result.
A) higher productivity
B) group stability
C) predictability of outcomes
D) unpredictability of relationships
28) New technologies often fail to result in organizational success because managers fail to
________.
A) pay attention to the social part of the system
B) properly train workers to use the system
C) install the system properly
D) insist that the technology be used by workers
29) Which of the following has NOT changed in response to the growth of technology in
organizations?
A) individual behavior
B) pay scales
C) work processes
D) organizational cultures
30) Which of the following did NOT benefit from the First Industrial Revolution?
A) Europe
B) the United States
C) China
D) England
31) What marked a profound change in communication in the Second Industrial Revolution?
A) Web 2.0
B) telephones
C) ARPANET
D) the printing press
32) The First Industrial Revolution was characterized by a shift from ________ labor.
A) manual to electronic
B) animal to manual
C) mechanical to electronic
D) manual to mechanical
33) Which of the following was a major social change caused by the First Industrial Revolution?
A) People moved to farms.
B) The work of craftsmen became highly valued.
C) Farms became smaller and more profitable.
D) People moved to cities.
34) What characterized the Age of Enlightenment?
A) belief in religious principles
B) belief in logic and reason
C) distrust of logic and reason
D) the development of virtual organizations
35) The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by technologies that used ________.
A) electricity and internal combustion
B) electricity and solar power
C) internal combustion and renewable energy
D) electricity and individual craftsmanship
36) Labor changes instituted in the Second Industrial Revolution included ________.
A) virtual organizations and assembly lines
B) mass production and small scale entrepreneurship
C) assembly lines and division of labor
D) automation and empowered workers
37) During the early periods of industrialization in Western countries, Africa was used by
developed nations as a ________.
A) location for enormous factories
B) source of raw materials and slaves
C) source of skilled labor
D) market to test new products
38) What was one reason for China’s failure to industrialize during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries?
A) Women were forced to work long hours.
B) Books and other information sources were restricted.
C) China imported most of its manufactured goods.
D) China had no contact with the West during that time.
39) When did the Third Industrial Revolution begin?
A) the 1890s
B) the 1920s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1990s
40) The Third Industrial Revolution is characterized by ________.
A) wealth being linked to the means of production
B) mass production
C) a knowledge and service economy
D) hierarchical organizations
41) According to Kurt Anderson, the ________ will focus on correcting harm done during the
different phases of the Industrial Revolution.
A) replay economy
B) Fourth Industrial Revolution
C) reset economy
D) ICT Revolution
42) What is a negative economic impact of ICTs?
A) job migration outside of the United States
B) more complex supply chains
C) job migration into developing countries
D) increase in hybrid workers
43) As a result of globalization, the number of U.S. manufacturing jobs has ________.
A) increased slightly
B) decreased sharply
C) increased sharply
D) decreased slightly
44) Which advanced form of ICTs played a key role in changing the global movement of goods?
A) the telegraph
B) the cloud
C) virtual organizations
D) satellite tracking
45) As a result of globalization, the amount of cargo passing through U.S. ports has ________.
A) increased sharply
B) decreased sharply
C) decreased slightly
D) increase slightly
46) What was the original name for the Internet?
A) AOL
B) ARPANET
C) the World Wide Web
D) hypertext
47) Web 2.0 is best characterized by ________.
A) developments such as e-mail
B) online stores such as Amazon
C) networking sites such as Facebook
D) cloud computing such as Google Docs
48) Cloud computing is an example of computer systems becoming ________.
A) more centralized
B) more decentralized
C) more localized
D) more self-managed
49) Around the world, many more people have ________ than ________.
A) landline phones; mobile phones
B) smart phones; conventional mobile phones
C) Internet service; mobile phones
D) mobile phones; Internet service
50) For most workers, information overload is primarily caused by ________.
A) globalization
B) hypercompetition
C) social networking sites
D) e-mail
51) E-mail is an especially poor medium for communicating messages that contain ________.
A) technical information
B) numerical data
C) emotional content
D) links to other sites
52) You are in a hotel room attending a work teleconference via your mobile phone. What is the
virtual space in this scenario?
A) the hotel room
B) the town in which the hotel is located
C) your mobile phone
D) your office
53) Which of the following ICTs is focused primarily on supporting collaborative work?
A) Web 2.0
B) e-mail
C) groupware
D) teleconferencing
54) Managers of virtual teams should make it a point to ________.
A) share personal anecdotes
B) avoid personal anecdotes
C) avoid videoconferencing
D) limit the use of wikis
55) Most types of virtual organizations have ________.
A) no physical location
B) a physical location
C) only local customers
D) very few employees
56) Which of the following is NOT considered a key component of virtual organizations?
A) dynamic processes
B) structures allowing swift adaptation
C) firmly delineated boundaries
D) contractual relationships
57) Which of the following is NOT one of the functional models of virtual organizations
developed by Burn, Marshall, and Barnett?
A) traffic control sites
B) auction sites
C) destination sites
D) star alliance sites
58) Which of the following structural models of virtual organizations is characterized by a highly
networked supply chain?
A) star alliance model
B) market alliance model
C) co-alliance model
D) value alliance model
59) “Clicks and bricks” is another name for the ________ model of virtual organizations.
A) star alliance
B) virtual face
C) virtual space
D) virtual broker
60) Virtual learning technologies ________.
A) offer basic, no-frills classes only
B) cannot support collaboration
C) are inferior to on-site learning
D) improve access to education