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66) Forward chaining is
A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information
entered by the user.
B) the programming environment of an expert system.
C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
67) Backward chaining is
A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information
entered by the user.
B) the programming environment of an expert system.
C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
68) Expert systems
A) solve problems too difficult for human experts.
B) are based on DO WHILE rules.
C) work in very limited domains.
D) share characteristics with mainframe computing.
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69) Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm?
A) It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations.
B) It is intangible.
C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.
D) It is a cognitive event involving mental models.
70) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of
A) policy development.
B) classification.
C) logic and control.
D) high complexity.
71) Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because
A) their rule base is so complex.
B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated.
C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment,
which in turn may change the applicable rules.
D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be
available when changes are needed.
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72) In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a
database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics.
A) CBR
B) fuzzy logic
C) data mining
D) LMS
73) Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a “smart” oven that can
perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input
from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium,
and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system
is
A) expert system.
B) neural network.
C) case-based reasoning.
D) fuzzy logic.
74) You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel
park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is
A) case-based reasoning.
B) artificial intelligence.
C) fuzzy logic.
D) expert system.
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75) Fuzzy logic is a type of
A) data mining.
B) neural network.
C) intelligent technique.
D) business intelligence.
76) Hardware and software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological
brain best describes
A) a neural network.
B) an expert system.
C) case-based reasoning.
D) fuzzy logic.
77) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic
algorithms?
A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information.
B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an
intelligent technique.
C) Neural networks are programmed to “learn.”
D) all of the above
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78) Genetic algorithms
A) develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation.
B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics.
C) do not work for most problems.
D) are based on logic.
79) Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks
for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called
A) intelligent agents.
B) intelligent techniques.
C) business intelligence.
D) AI hybrid systems.
80) What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient
methods for their trucks to deliver goods?
A) fuzzy logic
B) intelligent agents
C) genetic algorithms
D) none of the above
81) To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in
electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use
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A) CAD systems.
B) virtual reality systems.
C) fuzzy logic systems.
D) intelligent agents.
82) The statement “Knowledge is an intangible asset” describes the dimension of knowledge
that _______________________.
A) Knowledge Is a Firm Asset
B) Knowledge Has Different Forms
C) Knowledge has a Location
D) Knowledge Has Dimensions
83) The statement “Knowledge can be either tacit or explicit (codified)” describes the
dimension of knowledge that _______________________.
A) Knowledge Is a Firm Asset
B) Knowledge has a Location
C) Knowledge Has Different Forms
D) Knowledge Has Dimensions
84) The statement “Knowledge is a cognitive event involving mental models and maps of
individuals” describes the dimension of knowledge that _______________________.
A) Knowledge Is a Firm Asset
B) Knowledge Has Different Forms
Laudon/Laudon/Brabston, Management Information Systems, Seventh Canadian Edition
C) Knowledge has a Location
D) Knowledge Has Dimensions
85) Knowing how to do things ___________________________ in ways that other
organizations cannot duplicate is a primary source of profit and competitive advantage that
cannot be purchased easily by competitors in the marketplace.
A) effectively and secretly
B) affectively and efficiently
C) effectively and efficiently
D) secretly and efficiently
86) ________________________are general-purpose firm-wide efforts to collect, store,
distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.
A) Structured knowledge
B) Knowledge work systems (KWS)
C) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
D) Enterprise content management systems
87) ________________________help organizations manage both types of information. They
have capabilities for knowledge capture, storage, retrieval, distribution, and preservation to
help firms improve their business processes and decisions.
A) Structured knowledge
B) Knowledge work systems (KWS)
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C) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
D) Enterprise content management systems
88) ________________________ is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents, as well
as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making
behaviours.
A) Structured knowledge
B) Knowledge work systems (KWS)
C) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
D) Enterprise content management systems
89) ________________________ require strong links to external knowledge bases in addition
to specialized hardware and software.
A) Structured knowledge
B) Knowledge work systems (KWS)
C) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
D) Enterprise content management systems
90) ________ is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge
to the solution of problems.
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91) ________ is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules
that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors.
92) A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it
can be easily accessed.
93) ________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without
explicit programming.
94) The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are
referred to as ________.
95) User-created taxonomies created for shared bookmarks are called ________.
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96) ________ seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the
physical world with computer-generated images.
97) The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is called the ________.
98) A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in
massive data sets too large for a human to analyze.
99) Systems that integrate genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems
are called ________ systems.
100) __________________________ refers to the set of business processes developed in an
organization to create, store, transfer, and apply knowledge.
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101) __________________________ are informal social networks of professionals and
employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and
interests.
102) There are essentially three major types of knowledge management
systems:___________________________________, knowledge work systems, and
intelligent techniques.
103) ______________________________ are general-purpose firm-wide efforts to collect, store,
distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.
104) ______________________________ are specialized systems developed for engineers,
scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new
knowledge for a company.
105) ______________________________ address the problem that arises when the appropriate
knowledge is not in the form of a digital document but instead resides in the memory of
individual experts in the firm.
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106) A ______________________________ provides tools for the management, delivery,
tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning and training.
107) CAD systems are able to supply data for _________________________, also known as
additive manufacturing, which uses machines to make solid objects, layer by layer, from
specifications in a digital file.
108) ___________________________________ is a set of specifications for interactive, 3-D
modelling on the World Wide Web that can organize multiple media types, including
animation, images, and audio to put users in a simulated real-world environment.
109) The financial industry is using specialized _________________________ such as
Bloomberg Terminals to leverage the knowledge and time of its brokers, traders, and
portfolio managers.
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110) What is knowledge management? What types of knowledge might a company such as a taxi
service have, and could a taxi service benefit from knowledge management?
111) Briefly outline the knowledge management chain as it might apply to the online catalog
system of a public library.
112) Identify the three major types of knowledge management systems. Provide two examples of
each.
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113) How can knowledge be gathered from the personal and undocumented expertise of
professionals within a firm? List at least four ways to gather and disseminate such
knowledge.
114) Why are knowledge workers so important to the digital firm? What are their functions and
which of these do you feel is most critical to the success of the firm? Why?
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115) Identify three important qualities or capabilities of knowledge work systems.
116) Discuss the concept of virtual reality, especially with regard to VRML and its applications
in the business arena.
117) What is the difference between a neural network, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms?
Which would be most useful to an organization of astronomers analyzing gamma ray
emissions reaching Earth?
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Objective: 11.4
118) What do you see as the challenges in setting up a knowledge management system?
119) You have been hired by a small architectural firm interested in implementing a knowledge
management system. What features do you think would be of most benefit to them?