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Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
The type of GDSS that can include teleconferencing, computer conferencing, audio conferencing,
and video conferencing is the:
1)
A)
local area decision network.
B)
decision room.
C)
computer-mediated conference.
D)
legislative session.
2)
When performance standards describe what the system should achieve, they are called the:
2)
A)
desired state.
B)
solution criterion.
C)
current state.
D)
optimum state.
3)
Which type of model has predictive capability?
3)
A)
physical model
B)
mathematical model
C)
narrative model
D)
graphic model
4)
Which of the following is not a type of database used in the DSS model presented in the text?
4)
A)
relational database
B)
hierarchical database
C)
multidimensional database
D)
knowledge database
5)
When members of a JAD session are deciding which approach to take in implementing an
executive information system, they are using Mintzberg’s:
5)
A)
judgment approach.
B)
garbage can approach.
C)
analysis approach.
D)
bargaining approach.
6)
What term does Robert Anthony use to describe the middle level of management?
6)
A)
operational control level
B)
tactical planning level
C)
management control level
D)
strategic planning level
7)
The act of using a model is called:
7)
A)
simulation.
B)
satisficing.
C)
suboptimizing.
D)
optimizing.
8)
The portion of the expert system that contains both facts that describe the problem area and
knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner is
the:
8)
A)
problem domain.
B)
inference engine.
C)
knowledge base.
D)
expert system shell.
9)
The economic order quantity chart is an example of the:
9)
A)
narrative model.
B)
mathematical model.
C)
graphic model.
D)
physical model.
10)
If a personnel problem exists in a department where the employees cannot work as a team because
of behavior differences, it is referred to as what type of problem?
10)
A)
semistructured problem
B)
personnel problem
C)
structured problem
D)
unstructured problem
11)
What is the type of problem that occurs when the elements and relationships between elements are
understood by the problem solver?
11)
A)
structured problem
B)
programmed problem
C)
unstructured problem
D)
semistructured problem
12)
Which part of the expert system configuration contains an expert system shell?
12)
A)
inference engine
B)
knowledge base
C)
development engine
D)
user interface
13)
The most sophisticated computer application is:
13)
A)
group decision support systems.
B)
artificial intelligence.
C)
expert systems.
D)
knowledge-based systems.
14)
What type of model is a three-dimensional representation of its entity?
14)
A)
graphic model
B)
mathematical model
C)
narrative model
D)
physical model
15)
The type of GDSS that is ideal for small groups of people meeting face-to-face is the:
15)
A)
computer-mediated conference.
B)
legislative session.
C)
local area decision network.
D)
decision room.
16)
What type of model is used daily?
16)
A)
mathematical model
B)
graphic model
C)
physical model
D)
narrative model
17)
Which statement is false regarding the systems view?
17)
A)
prevents the manager from getting lost in the complexity of the organizational structure and
details of the job
B)
places a high value on feedback information that can only be achieved by means of an
open-loop system
C)
recognizes the necessity of having good objectives
D)
acknowledges the interconnections of the organization with its environment
18)
When performance standards describe what it will take to bring the current state to the desired
state, they are called the:
18)
A)
solution criterion.
B)
optimum state.
C)
desired state.
D)
current state.
19)
Which type of information system has been the most successful since 1971?
19)
A)
TPS
B)
DSS
C)
EIS
D)
MIS
20)
What term does Robert Anthony use to describe the lower level of management?
20)
A)
strategic planning level
B)
management control level
C)
tactical planning level
D)
operational control level
21)
The type of decisions that are repetitive and routine, to the extent that a definite procedure has been
worked out for handling them so that they don’t have to be treated as new each time they occur are
referred to as:
21)
A)
unstructured decisions.
B)
programmed decisions.
C)
structured decisions.
D)
semistructured decisions.
22)
The model that does not include probabilities is referred to as a(n):
22)
A)
probabilistic model.
B)
optimizing model.
C)
deterministic model.
D)
suboptimizing model.
23)
The type of decisions that are “novel, unstructured, and unusually consequential” are referred to
as:
23)
A)
semistructured decisions.
B)
programmed decisions.
C)
unstructured decisions.
D)
nonprogrammed decisions.
24)
The term used to define a response to things going good as well as things going bad is:
24)
A)
a problem.
B)
decision making.
C)
problem solving.
D)
a decision.
25)
The portion of the expert system that performs reasoning by using the contents of the knowledge
base in a particular sequence is the:
25)
A)
development engine.
B)
inference engine.
C)
user interface.
D)
knowledge base.
26)
Pressures from various environmental elements that restrict the flow of resources into and out of
the firm are referred to as:
26)
A)
environmental constraints.
B)
resource constraints.
C)
external constraints.
D)
internal constraints.
27)
What has/have been the most recent capability(ies) added to DSS?
27)
A)
group decision support
B)
periodic and special reports
C)
artificial intelligence
D)
mathematical models
28)
Which statement is false regarding mathematical models?
28)
A)
The modeling process can be a learning experience.
B)
It is possible to simulate several months, quarters, or years of company operations in a matter
of minutes.
C)
Models are more expensive than the trial-and-error method.
D)
Models provide a predictive power.
29)
According to Herbert Simon, which problem-solving phase incorporates inventing, developing,
and analyzing possible courses of action?
29)
A)
choice activity
B)
review activity
C)
design activity
D)
intelligence activity
30)
The type of problem that decision support systems were designed to help solve were:
30)
A)
semistructured problems.
B)
structured problems.
C)
nonprogrammed problems.
D)
programmed problems.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
31)
________ constraints take the form of limited resources that exist within the firm.
31)
32)
A ________ problem is one that contains some elements or relationships that are
understood by the problem solver and some that are not.
32)
33)
According to Herbert A. Simon, problem solvers engage in ________ activity which
consists of searching the environment for conditions calling for a solution.
33)
34)
According to Herbert A. Simon, problem solvers engage in ________ activity which
consists of assessing past choices.
34)
35)
According to Herbert A. Simon, problem solvers engage in ________ activity which
consists of inventing, developing, and analyzing possible courses of action.
35)
36)
A ________ is a condition produced by the problem.
36)
37)
A ________ is a selected course of action.
37)
38)
A ________ is a rule of thumb or a rule of good guessing.
38)
39)
________ is the activity of providing such machines as computers with the ability to
display behavior that would be regarded as intelligent if it were observed in humans.
39)
40)
________ constraints take the form of pressures from various environmental elements that
restrict the flow of resources into and out of the firm.
40)
41)
________ decisions are "novel, unstructured, and unusually consequential. There is no
cut-and-dried method for handling the problem because it hasn’t arisen before, or because
its precise nature and structure are elusive or complex, or because it so important that it
deserves a custom-tailored treatment."4
41)
42)
________ decisions are "repetitive and routine, to the extent that a definite procedure has
been worked out for handling them so that they don’t have to be treated de novo (as new)
each time they occur."3
42)
43)
According to Herbert A. Simon, problem solvers engage in ________ activity which
consists of selecting a particular course of action from those available.
43)
44)
An ________ problem is one that contains no elements or relationships between elements
that are understood by the problem solver.
44)
45)
The difference between the current state and the desired state represents the ________.
45)
46)
The term scenario is used to describe the conditions that influence a simulation.
46)
47)
The rows and columns of a spreadsheet make it an ideal tool to use as a static model.
47)
48)
When groupware is added to a DSS, it is referred to as a group decision support system.
48)
49)
A spreadsheet does not work very well to use as a dynamic model.
49)
50)
The iterative process of trying out decision alternatives is known as playing the what-if game.
50)
51)
The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system.
51)
52)
All business communications are physical models.
52)
53)
Most users are able to personally develop complex models.
53)
54)
A satisficing model is one that selects the best solution among the alternatives.
54)
55)
When members of a GDSS meet at the same time, it is called an asynchronous exchange.
55)
56)
Nonprogrammed decisions are repetitive and routine, to the extent that a definite procedure has
been worked out for handling them so that they don’t have to be treated as new each time they
occur.
56)
57)
Artificial intelligence can mimic human reasoning with 100% accuracy.
57)
58)
When a manager uses a DSS, the manager is sitting at the workstation and there is a consultant
sitting next to the manager, giving suggestions on how to solve the problem.
58)
59)
Gorry and Scott-Morton identified systems that were able to solve identified problems as decision
support systems.
59)
60)
A semistructured problem is one that contains some elements or relationships that are understood
by the problem solver and some that are not.
60)
61)
A spreadsheet lends itself to playing the what-if game because the user can manipulate one or
more variables to see the effect of the outcome of the simulation.
61)
62)
A symptom is the cause of the trouble or the cause of the opportunity.
62)
63)
The cost of modeling is not as high as the cost of bad decisions that are implemented.
63)
64)
A model only represents its entity and never matches it exactly.
64)
65)
Another name for a GDSS is computerized collaborative work support.
65)
66)
A model is an abstraction of something.
66)
67)
External constraints take the form of pressures from various environmental elements that restrict
the flow of resources into and out of the firm.
67)
68)
The desired state identifies the standards for what the system should achieve.
68)
69)
When a group is too large to meet in a decision room, a legislative session is required.
69)
70)
The reasoning process of an expert system finishes after the rule set has been passed through one
time.
70)
71)
DSS was originally conceived to produce outputs from groupware.
71)
72)
The user interface of an expert system enables the manager to enter instructions and information
into the expert system and to receive information from it.
72)
73)
Two unique GDSS features are parallel communication and anonymity.
73)
74)
The EOQ is an example of a model used to solve a structured problem.
74)
75)
The difference between the current state and the desired state represents the optimal state.
75)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
76)
Briefly trace the history of artificial intelligence.
77)
What are the three dimensions that can be used to classify mathematical models?
78)
Identify and define the three approaches Henry Mintzberg suggests for selecting the best solution.
79)
Explain the five things that the systems view does to increase its value to the manager.
80)
Explain the four advantages of modeling.
11
