b.
They are used to provide individual performances with non monetary rewards.
c.
They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed.
d.
They are focused at increasing a person’s base salary at the end of every year.
e.
They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis.
77. A major advantage of incentives relative to merit systems is that:
a.
incentives do not accumulate by becoming part of an individual’s salary.
b.
incentives are provided only one time, based on that level of performance.
c.
individuals receive the same amount or larger irrespective of their performances over the years.
d.
the base salary of an individual is unaffected by lower incentives.
e.
these plans remain static and cannot be modified by an organization.
a
Moderate
p. 312
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-6 – LO: 10-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Digital Story: Connect
78. Which of the following is a group based incentive reward system?
a.
Merit pay
b.
Gainsharing
c.
Piece-rate incentive plan
d.
Annual pay raise
e.
Sales commission
e
individual incentive plans reward individual performance on a real-time basis.
Moderate
p. 311
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-6 – LO: 10-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Digital Story: Connect
79. _____ is a group based incentive reward system where the distribution of gains is tilted heavily toward the employees.
a.
Merit pay
b.
Gainsharing
c.
Piece-rate incentive plan
d.
Scanlon plan
e.
Sales commission
Easy
p. 313
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-6 – LO: 10-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance
Digital Story: Engage
80. _____ argues that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that
results in punishing consequences is less likely to be repeated
a.
Equity theory
b.
Reinforcement theory
c.
Two-factor theory
d.
Maslow’s hierarchy
e.
Expectancy theory
Easy
p. 304
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Bloom’s; Knowledge
Digital Story: Engage
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-6 – LO: 10-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance
Bloom’s: Engage
Digital Story: Engage
81. _____ is used by managers to weaken undesired behaviors by creating unpleasant consequences.
a.
Recognition
b.
Extinction
c.
Avoidance
d.
Punishment
e.
Incentive
82. ____ is a counterproductive side affect of using punishment as a reinforcement method.
a.
Commitment
b.
Motivation
c.
Resentment
d.
Participation
e.
Empowerment
c
Moderate
p. 306
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Digital Story: Engage
83. The _____ is the most powerful schedule in terms of maintaining desired behavior.
a.
variable-interval schedule
b.
fixed-ratio schedule
c.
variable-ratio schedule
d.
fixed-interval schedule
e.
nine-eighty schedule
c
Moderate
p. 304
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Bloom’s: Comprehension
Digital Story: Connect
84. The _____ varies the number of behaviors needed for each reinforcement.
a.
variable-ratio schedule
b.
fixed-ratio schedule
c.
variable-interval schedule
d.
fixed-interval schedule
e.
nine-eighty schedule
The variable-ratio schedule varies the number of behaviors needed for each reinforcement.
p. 306
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Digital Story: Engage
85. A variable-ratio schedule is difficult to use for formal rewards such as pay because:
a.
it typically weakens the behavior that has been previously rewarded.
b.
is the least powerful schedule in terms of maintaining the desired behaviors.
c.
it has a fixed number of desires to needed for each reinforcement.
d.
it does not motivate the employee to increase the frequency of the desired behavior.
e.
it would be complicated to keep track of who was rewarded when.
p. 307
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
p. 306
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Digital Story: Engage
Completion
86. According to the motivation framework, the motivation process begins with a(n) _____.
Easy
87. Two-factor theory of motivation suggests that people’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influenced by two
independent sets of factors– motivation factors and _____ factors.
hygiene
Easy
88. The need for _____ is the desire to be influential in a group and to control one’s environment.
power
Easy
89. In _____ theory, the values associated with various outcomes of a performance are known as valence.
90. According to the _____ theory, people view their outcomes and inputs as a ratio and then compare it to someone else’s
ratio.
91. _____ is a type of reinforcement, sometimes used in organizations, that weakens undesired behaviors by simply
ignoring or not reinforcing them.
92. Mark, the CEO of Transwire Inc., rewards his employees every year with a year-end bonus paycheck. This is an
example of a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule.
93. _____ is a method for applying the basic elements of reinforcement theory in an organizational setting.
94. _____ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their
sphere of responsibility and authority.
95. Joe gets a 10 percent pay raise compared to Donna’s 8 percent based on his excellent performance over the year. The
pay awarded shows that the organization has used a _____ plan.
Matching
Match the following numbered items with the most correct response letter.
A response may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.
Content perspective on motivation
b.
Process perspective on motivation
c.
Reinforcement perspective on motivation
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
p. 295–307
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-2 – LO: 10-2
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-3 – LO: 10-3
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS:
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS:
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
TOPICS:
Content Perspectives on Motivation
Process Perspectives on Motivation
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Comprehension
NOTES:
Digital Story: Connect
96. Behavior modification
ANSWER:
c
POINTS:
97. Porter-Lawler extension
ANSWER:
POINTS:
98. Goal-setting theory
ANSWER:
POINTS:
99. Two-factor theory
POINTS:
100. Maslow’s needs hierarchy
POINTS:
DIFFICULTY:
Challenging
REFERENCES:
p. 311
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-6 – LO: 10-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS:
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS:
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
TOPICS:
Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Application
NOTES:
Digital Story: Perform
101. Expectancy theory
ANSWER:
POINTS:
102. Equity theory
ANSWER:
POINTS:
Match the following numbered items with the most correct response letter.
A response may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.
Merit pay
b.
Motivation factor
c.
Hygiene factor
d.
Incentive pay
e.
Punishment
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
p. 298–311
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-2 – LO: 10-2
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-4 – LO: 10-4
MGMT.GRIF.16. 10-5 – LO: 10-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS:
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS:
United States – AK – DISC: Motivation Concepts
TOPICS:
Content Perspectives on Motivation
Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation
Popular Motivational Strategies
KEYWORDS:
Bloom’s: Comprehension
NOTES:
Digital Story: Connect
103. Annual salary increases
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
104. Company policies and administration
ANSWER:
c
POINTS:
105. Advancement and growth
ANSWER:
POINTS:
106. Weakens undesired behaviors
ANSWER:
e
POINTS:
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
Essay
107. Discuss the basic assumptions of expectancy theory.
108. Briefly describe the fundamental premise of reinforcement theory and the four methods for influencing behavior
using reinforcement theory.
Moderate
109. Compare and contrast fixed-interval schedule and variable-interval schedule.
Moderate
Moderate