48. Which of the following statements is true of administrative management?
a.
It deals with the jobs of individual employees.
b.
It was first introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
c.
It focuses solely on combating soldiering.
d.
It encompasses the concepts of planning, organizing, and controlling.
e.
It exclusively focuses on individual attitudes and behaviors and group processes.
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The Evolution of Management
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49. The scientific management perspective:
a.
assumed that workers liked their work.
b.
focused on the overall management of an organization rather than individual employees.
c.
emphasized the importance of supervising workers.
d.
was based on the assumption that workers are internally motivated to achieve organizational goals.
e.
placed maximum emphasis on individual attitudes and behaviors.
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50. Which of the following statements is true about the behavioral management perspective?
a.
It was first introduced by Max Weber.
b.
It viewed jobs and organizations from a mechanistic point of view.
c.
It was influenced by the industrial psychology movement.
d.
It essentially dealt with job specialization techniques.
e.
It slighted the role of the individual in organizations.
51. The concept of _____, suggested by Weber, is based on a rational set of guidelines for structuring organizations in the
most efficient manner.
a.
adhocracy
b.
bureaucracy
c.
technocracy
d.
meritocracy
e.
scientocracy
52. Early advocates of the classical management perspective viewed organizations and jobs from an essentially _____
point of view.
a.
mechanistic
b.
behavioral
c.
humanistic
d.
systematic
e.
contingent
a
Moderate
p.14
53. _____ is recognized as the father of industrial psychology.
a.
Douglas McGregor
b.
Elton Mayo
c.
Abraham Maslow
d.
Hugo Munsterberg
e.
Henri Fayol
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54. The management pioneer who performed the Hawthorne studies at Western Electric was:
a.
Lillian Gilbreth.
b.
Elton Mayo.
c.
Henry Gantt.
d.
Frank Gilbreth.
e.
Frederick Taylor.
Elton Mayo and his associates.
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55. In the Hawthorne Studies, workers who overproduced were branded as _____.
a.
operators
b.
squealers
c.
rate busters
d.
chiselers
e.
producers
c
Easy
p.15
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56. Which of the following was one of the findings of the Hawthorne studies?
a.
Workers tend to underperform when they are given special attention or supervision.
b.
Higher pay and incentives are more important to workers than social acceptance.
c.
All the workers in a group work toward achieving productivity targets set by supervisors.
d.
Both individual and social processes play a major role in shaping worker behavior.
e.
Workers in all groups tend to encourage and support members who are over productive.
Moderate
p.16
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57. Which of the following is a Theory Y assumption?
a.
Social processes do not influence the performance of workers.
b.
People are not internally motivated to achieve their goals.
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c.
People do not naturally dislike work.
d.
People like to be directed as they want security.
e.
People perform better when they are threatened by the manager.
58. Which of the following assumptions is represented by Theory Y?
a.
People prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility, and to want security.
b.
People are bright, but under most organizational conditions, their potential is underutilized.
c.
People do not like work and try to avoid it.
d.
The productivity of workers is not affected by social processes at the workplace.
e.
Managers need to be coercive to get work done from their workers.
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59. A difference between Theory X and Theory Y is that:
a.
Theory X makes positive assumptions.
b.
Theory Y is consistent with the views of scientific management.
c.
Theory Y assumes that people lack ambition.
d.
Theory Y represents the assumptions made by human relations advocates.
e.
Theory Y assumes that people naturally dislike work.
made by human relations advocates.
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60. A Theory Y assumption is that:
a.
incentives rather than social processes influence workers.
b.
managers have to control, direct, coerce, and threaten employees to get them to work toward organizational
goals.
c.
people prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility, and to want security; they have little ambition.
d.
people are committed to goals to the degree that they receive personal rewards when they reach their
objectives.
e.
people naturally dislike work and try to avoid it.
Theory Y assumes that people are committed to goals to the degree that they receive personal
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61. The _____ proposed that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace, including social
conditioning, group norms, and interpersonal dynamics.
a.
classical management perspective
b.
human relations movement
c.
systems theory
d.
management science perspective
e.
organizational theory
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62. Which of the following is a Theory X assumption?
a.
People will both seek and accept responsibility.
b.
Managers are harsh on their employees.
c.
People have little ambition.
d.
People are internally motivated.
e.
People do not naturally dislike work.
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63. Which of the following draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and medicine?
a.
Organizational behavior
b.
Scientific management
c.
Administrative management
d.
Systems perspective
e.
Contingency perspective
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64. When a manufacturing plant uses mathematical models to plan production and schedule equipment maintenance, it is
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drawing upon:
a.
scientific management.
b.
administrative management.
c.
management science.
d.
behavioral perspective.
e.
Theory X assumptions.
65. Which of the following represent the two branches of the quantitative management theory?
a.
Scientific management and administrative management
b.
Human relations movement and organizational behavior
c.
Contingency theory and systems theory
d.
Theory X and Theory Y
e.
Management science and operations management
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66. The _____ perspective focuses on decision making, cost-effectiveness, mathematical models, and the use of
computers.
a.
systems management
b.
behavioral management
c.
scientific management
d.
administrative management
e.
quantitative management
the development of mathematical models.
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67. Which of the following statements is true about management science?
a.
It is part of the classical management perspective.
b.
It relies on bureaucratic techniques proposed by Max Weber.
c.
It focuses on mathematical representations of reality.
d.
It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.
e.
It introduced the piecework pay system.
68. Which of the following statements is true about operations management?
a.
It is more statistically sophisticated than management science.
b.
It exclusively focuses on improving employee attitudes and behavior.
c.
It can be applied more directly to managerial situations than management science.
d.
It relies more on mathematical models than management science.
e.
It cannot be applied to inventory control and production operations of an organization.
69. _____ is considered to be a form of applied management science.
a.
Scientific management
b.
Lean manufacturing
c.
Behavioral management
d.
Human relations movement
e.
Operations management
e
Operations management is considered to be a form of applied management science.
Easy
p.18
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70. In the context of the systems perspective, an output would be:
a.
technological processes.
b.
labor skills.
c.
services.
d.
raw materials.
e.
human resources.
c
and intangible); profits, losses, or both.
Moderate
p.19
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71. In the context of the systems perspective, an input would be:
a.
human resources.
b.
losses.
c.
feedback loops.
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d.
products.
e.
services.
72. Relatively new management concepts such as supply chain management and new techniques such as enterprise
resource planning have evolved from the _____ perspective.
a.
quantitative management
b.
systems
c.
contingency
d.
classical management
e.
behavioral management
a
Moderate
p.19
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73. In the systems perspective, outputs include _____.
a.
raw materials
b.
controls
c.
funds
d.
human resources
e.
employee attitudes
e
intangible); profits, losses, or both; employee behaviors; and information.
Moderate
a
p.19
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74. Which of the following statements is true in the context of the systems perspective?
a.
Entropy is a process that leads to system progress.
b.
Products and services can be considered as system inputs.
c.
A closed system is closely connected with and interacts with its environment.
d.
The performance of one subsystem does not affect the performance of another subsystem.
e.
Organizations essentially should be open systems.
e
Moderate
p.20
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75. _____ is a normal process that leads to system decline.
a.
Economy of scale
b.
Synergy
c.
Entropy
d.
Contingency
e.
Symbiosis
c
Easy
p.20
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p.19
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