In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the urgency created by an unmet need that elevates the
unmet need to top priority is called _____________?
a. priority one
b. prepotency
c. need satisfaction
d. extrinsic compensation.
e. reciprocal need
An agreement allowing one firm to sell the product of another is which of the
following?
a. strategic alliance
b. licensing
c. countertrading
d. direct ownership
e. joint venture
Some people oppose employers’ testing for drug use because they say it
a. does not identify enough substances.
b. costs too much in time and money.
c. invades the privacy of those tested.
d. is unnecessary given the low incidence of drug abuse on the job.
e. discriminates against drug users.
Which law forbids bribing foreign officials to obtain sales for American firms?
a. Webb-Pomerene Export Trade Act
b. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
c. Export Trading Companies Act
d. US Trade Embargo
e. Foreign Trade Act
A number of factors can influence the decision making process, for example an
individuals predisposition to avoid alternatives that involve greater losses in favor of
alternatives that have greater gains is called _________.
a. individual values
b. personality
c. risk tolerance
d. cognitive dissonance
e. level of management
The __________ is the ratio of additional net income from a capital acquisition to its
original cost.
a. payback method
b. profitability method
c. rate of return on investment
d. investment decision
e. discounted rate of return
Horizontal specialization means:
a. creating more levels from the top to the bottom of the organization.
b. performing a job analysis for all jobs
c. hiring more specialists
d. creating new areas or divisions within the organization
e. increasing production capacity
Managers who realize that their organization does not respond quickly to environmental
changes often attribute this problem to their organization’s
a. personnel.
b. structure.
c. strategy.
d. physical resources.
e. objectives.
The concept of team effectiveness refers to:
a. whether a team is judged effective by their manager.
b. outcomes or results of the team’s efforts such as efficiency, satisfaction, and goal
commitment.
c. agreement among team members that they did what they set out to do.
d. consensus by other teams that the team in question did a good job.
e. the average rating, on a 10-point scale, by team members of their own performance.
Channel capacity is determined by
a. the least efficient component of the communication process.
b. the amount of noise in the communication process.
c. the capabilities of the sender and receiver.
d. the most powerful component of the communication process.
e. the number of messages and the number of intended receivers.
The TQM view of control is that it is
a. an internal quality practiced by all employees.
b. a system of checks and balances.
c. the production of quality goods and services.
d. an external set of rules applied by managers.
e. an element of the quantitative side of management.
Most theorists agree that expectancy theory is a reasonable explanation of human
motivation. Which of the following actions can a manager take to increase the
likelihood that a worker’s efforts will be rewarded?
a. create a detailed job description
b. perform a job analysis
c. communicate instrumentalities
d. assign an Human Resources Manager to work with each employee on effort
e. ask employees to work harder.
Jobs would include a high degree of task identity in organizations that emphasize
a. job specialization.
b. job rotation.
c. craftsmanship.
d. scientific management.
e. assembly lines.
___________ is the allocation of resources to an activity, account, or unit of the
organization..
a. Creating mission statements
b. Forecasting
c. Designing planning charts
d. Action plans
e. Budgeting
“If I”m not watching over them all the time, they wouldn”t ever get anything done.” The
preceding statement indicates:
a. high ERG employee
b. an in-group employee
c. a manager with a theory x perspective
d. a manager with a theory y perspective.
e. a manager with a theory z perspective.
When asked by the head of another department to divulge a new employee’s salary,
John referred the question to his boss, thus maintaining confidentially. This situation is
an example of maintaining the group’s norm of:
a. timeliness
b. leadership rotation
c. loyalty
d. conformity
e. fairness
Increased autonomy, job satisfaction, and motivation on the part of managers are
advantages of
a. decentralization.
b. quality circles.
c. team building.
d. centralization.
e. chain of command.
Computer printouts, electronic mail, and bulletin boards are examples of __________
communication.
a. Nonverbal
b. Oral
c. Channel
d. informal
e. Written
In the business world, competitors are defined as
a. organizations based in the same country.
b. organizations operating in the same region.
c. organizations that offer similar products.
d. organizations of similar size that sell similar products.
e. rival organizations with their own distinct customer bases.
Mrs. McGee, the department manager, Jane and Martha were all present when John told
an off-color joke. After John delivered the punch line, Mrs. McGee reported like a
shotgun that John could forget his outside salesman job, he was told to report to her on
Monday for reassignment to inside sales. Everyone knew that this was a demotion,
inside salesman were paid quit a bit less than outside sales. The rest of us looked at each
other and quickly dispersed, hoping she would forget that we were ever present at that
occasion. In order to decrease John’s behavior, she resorted to which one of the
following reinforcement strategies?
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. punishment
d. extinction
e. social control
When evaluating a medium for richness, a manager would consider all of the following
EXCEPT
a. the ability to use both words and body language.
b. the size of the audience that can be reached.
c. the capacity for timely feedback.
d. the capacity for multiple uses, such as audio and visual.
e. the extent to which a message can be made personal.
High job specialization results in the benefits of
a. versatility in the workforce.
b. diversity.
c. division of labor.
d. empowerment.
e. heterogeneity.
In Leader-Member Exchange Theory of Leadership a low exchange relationship is
defines by:
a. the allocation of discretionary rewards such as support, travel, new computer in
exchange for compliance.
b. that compliance with a leader’s request is a professional expectation.
c. rules and procedures to insure compliance.
d. the expectation that the subordinate will comply under penalty of law.
e. compliance to a leader’s request is a universal imperative.
The actual or open conflict between individuals or groups is called _________?
a. latent conflict
b. perceived conflict
c. manifest conflict
d. felt conflict
e. conflict aftermath
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires
a. all employers to hire people with disabilities.
b. organizations to make reasonable accommodations to meet the needs of disabled
persons.
c. employers with 15 or more employees to provide disability insurance for workers.
d. employers to add jobs for persons with physical and mental disabilities.
e. affirmative action programs for hiring disabled U.S. citizens.
Any group or individual having the potential to influence an organization’s ability to
achieve its goals and objectives is called a:
a. negotiator
b. goal setter
c. stakeholder
d. industry analyst
e. pundit
Reducing resistance to change is an important element in successful organizational
change. Providing training, resources, and other forms of support during the change
process to help implement organizational change is an example of which one of the
following methods of reducing resistance to change.
a. Coercion
b. Participation
c. Facilitation
d. Negotiation
e. co-optation
The sequence of activities in a process, from input to output, is shown with a
a. control chart.
b. scatter diagram.
c. fishbone diagram.
d. flowchart.
e. run chart.
Hersey Blanchard’s Situational Theory of Leadership recommends several different
leadership styles depending on follower readiness. These leaders behaviors are directed
by either the leader or the follower. Examples of Leader Directed behaviors are
__________.
a. delegating and participating
b. delegating and telling
c. selling and telling
d. participating and selling
e. advising and selling
A programmed decision is
a. novel
b. unique
c. unprecedented
d. routine
e. used rarely
Leadership is concerned with motivating people but never concerned with influencing
people.
Describe the communication process.
The political decision model aims to not make the best decision, but rather to make the
decision that will be accepted by the groups involved.
Decision making always involves people.
A decision that is not very important and has low costs associated with it often causes
cognitive dissonance.
Ethical dilemmas can be found in the business environment.
Explain the difference between narrow and wide span of control and discuss the factors
to consider in determining span of control.
Explain the significance of informal channels of communication.
The most commonly agreed upon personality traits are called the “Big Seven.”.
OSHA was created to enforce organizations’ fair compensation policies.
Listening with empathy means understanding the feelings of others.
Blake and Mouton believe that Team Management ” cell 9,9 ” is the preferred
leadership style.
The Leadership Grid assumes that a leader’s behavior are stable and steady.
Good listeners ask questions and take notes.
Political decisions often entail low consensus on goals among stakeholders.
Cost reduction is an external force that leads to change.
In the face of production cost overruns and the dubious vision of pursuing magnetic
levitation as source of power for commuter trains, many countries continue to make
decisions to build commuter trains that are based on this unproven and costly
technology. This situation is an example of an escalation of commitment bias.