Behavioral-oriented theories about why people choose a particular behavior to satisfy
their needs include the following except:
a. expectancy theory.
b. reinforcement theory.
c. equity theory.
d. process theory.
A decision-making technique that requires questions to be asked and answered is called:
a. brainstorming.
b. groupthink.
c. a decision tree.
d. a gaming device.
By helping someone think through moral mazes, a manager may be trying to develop
the subordinates ability for ________________.
a. managing decision making
b. cognitive thinking
c. moral reasoning
d. ethical discovery
Problems are issues raised for the purpose of inquiry, consideration, solution, or
____________.
a. decision making
b. risk taking
c. formulating alternatives
d. questioning
By tracking stockage levels, managers can do the following except:
a. determine normal usage rates.
b. maintain minimum levels.
c. set efficient reorder points.
d. eliminate retail and wholesale involvement.
The most significant cause for an organization’s success is a continuing focus on its:
a. core competencies.
b. organization downsizing.
c. deployment of labor.
d. cost overruns.
The relationship between the amount of input needed to produce a given amount of
output and the output itself, usually expressed as a ratio, is:
a. productivity.
b. input/output values.
c. production analysis.
d. correlational studies.
By intention, a matrix structure of organizational design violates which management
principle?
a. span of control
b. delegation of authority
c. unity of command
d. assignment of responsibility
The number of subordinates reporting directly to a manager is ____________.
a. chain of command
b. span of control
c. unity of purpose
d. unity of direction
After all bills are paid, the financial “remains” from sales result in:
a. long-term commitments.
b. quality.
c. profitability.
d. financial obligations.
Which of the following is a characteristic for a code of ethics?
a. They serve as a visible guideline for behavior at all levels.
b. They provide an unchallenging basis for firing an unethical employee.
c. They protect all personnel from the pressures of the market, which may lead to
unethical behavior.
d. all of the answers are correct
Match the options below with the correct phrases:
a. a decision based upon frequent, repeating, and/or predictable outcomes
b. a mock-up or model of reality
c. managers want to make the perfect decisions
d. constraints that restrict decisions
e. a method to determine the time it will take to recoup return on initial investment
f. quantity is important, everyone contributes, the more ideas the better
g. a mathematical model which analyzes optimization for competitive advantages
h. a group decision-making technique designed to allow equitable input from all
members
i. the total process of identifying problems through the implementation of alternative
choices
j. responses to written questionnaires are collected, consolidated, redistributed,
collected, etc.
k. delivering raw materials to correspond with production schedules
l. not getting caught up in the old ways
1> Delphi technique 2>payback analysis 3>game theory 4>nominal group technique
5>programmed decision 6>simulation 7>decision making 8>brainstorming
9>maximize 10>limiting factors 11>outside-the-box thinking 12>just-in-time inventory
The most complex type of organizational learning is referred to as ____________.
a. double-handed
b. double-up
c. double-effort
d. double-looped
In sequence, the next activity to accomplish in the control process after taking
corrective action is to ____________.
a. create strategic plans
b. provide feedback and/or adjustment
c. establish new expectations
d. control deviations
From the 1950s into the 1980s, many American managers were preoccupied with
lowering costs, maximizing profits, and:
a. short-term thinking.
b. environmental concerns.
c. oversea markets.
d. hiring minorities.
A(n) ____________ exists when all courses of action available to a manager are judged
to be unethical.
a. moral impromptu
b. ethical dilemma
c. attitude situation
d. unethical opportunity
All of the following are examples of functional departments except:
a. finance.
b. human resources.
c. geographical.
d. marketing.
Letters, memos, outlines, and reports are examples of ____________ communication.
a. semantical
b. impersonal
c. personal
d. informal
Net sales is the revenue from sales minue __________.
a. operating expenses
b. cost of goods sold
c. taxes
d. returns and allowances
Effective feedback from the controlling process should indicate the progress or
regression of the objectives.
Maintenance factors are the internalized elements of the job.
Each employee need not have and act on a personal ethical and moral code.
Control techniques are ‘similar” in concept to management, i.e., they vary by
hierarchical level.
The labor force is part of the internal environment.
Regarding ethics, managers’ comments and remarks are more impressionistic upon
employees than their actions.
Critical control points are all the operations that directly effect the survival of an
organization and the success of its most essential activities.
The sole responsibility of understanding is assigned to the sender.
An example of a decisional role held by managers is a resource allocator.
The CEO philosophy is a part of the dominant coalition factor for shaping the
organization’s culture.