Manufacturers who prepare goods to the buyer’s specifications are under exceptionally
stringent warranty obligations for fitness for a particular use.
Pamela was the agent in charge of distribution and collections for the Coble Dairy
Products Cooperative. Thrower operated a grocery store and purchased dairy products
from Coble. Pamela made false invoice sheets, showing delivery to Thrower of greater
quantities than Thrower actually had ordered or received. Pamela collected from
Thrower on the basis of these increased amounts, and then kept for herself the
difference between the increased amounts and the amounts that should have been
charged. When Thrower learned of this, he sued Coble for the excess payments he had
made. Coble denied that Pamela was its agent in making excess collections. Will
Thrower win?
A third person does not have the status of an intended third-party beneficiary unless it is
clear at the time the contract was formed that the parties intended to impose a direct
obligation with respect to the third person.