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The U.S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts can largely select which cases they
want to hear.
The doctrine of stare decisis ("let the decision stand") precludes judges from
overturning previous decisions.
The federal government enacted the ______________________ Protection Act of 2004,
which expands judicial review of convictions on the basis of evidence that tends to
exonerate.
In a criminal case, neither side is required disclose any of the evidence they will present
or witnesses they will call to the opposing party.
Common law developed into a system of law made primarily by _____________.
Transfer to criminal court, which is alternatively referred to as certification or
______________________, refers to the process whereby the jurisdiction over a
juvenile delinquent is moved to adult court.
Rates of female involvement in the criminal justice system have been increasing in
recent years, but their absolute numbers still fall well below those of males.
Prisoners have sued under 42 U.S.C. 1983 (see Chapter 2), in what are often termed of
lawsuits.
Because probation is a judicial act, the judge can revoke probation and send the
defendant to prison if the conditions of probation are violated.
Due process of law is not actually mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.
The concepts of and discrimination highlight unwarranted variations in sentencing but
point to different types of factors.
State supreme court activism based on state constitutions is termed the new judicial
_______________________.
Discuss the current status of the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial. In your answer,
discuss the circumstances under which the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial applies
to offenders, whether unanimous verdicts are required, and jury size.
_____________ of citizenship cases involve suits between citizens of different states or
between a U.S. citizen and a foreign country or citizen.
There are few appellate court reversals on the grounds of ineffective assistance of
counsel.
Discretion in the criminal justice system has been likened to a(n) hydraulic process.
Efforts to control discretion at one stage typically result in its to another part of the
system.
