Chapter 8: Culture and Leadership
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Cultural boundaries are the same as national boundaries (geographical and political boundaries
of nations).
According to Hofstede, since both East Africa and West Africa have similar cultural dimensions,
this indicates that they share identical cultures.
The GLOBE study on leadership found that there are certain leadership traits that are global,
but how these traits are expressed and enacted may differ from one society to another.
National cultures—a nation refers to a body of persons living under an organized government
or rule, occupying a defined area, and acting as a unit in matters of peace and war.
The GLOBE study confirmed Hofstede’s previous research on cultural values but also came up
with two different aspects of which dimension?
Essay Questions
The Cultural Sense-Making model helps us to take a different perspective regarding ambiguous
Describe the Cultural Competence Model that consists of understanding (awareness),
Describe the three aspects of the Triangle of Meaning. Use an example from the book (or
Choose one of Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions (power distance; individualism/collectivism;
A worldview is a collection of beliefs about life and the universe. What are the four main
What is a stereotype? Provide vivid examples of the three types of stereotypes we discussed in
class.
An Ethno-Semantic test is the study of the semantic structure of a cultural group—how words
Explain what were some of the GLOBE study’s major findings? Why are these findings
important?
Describe in your own words the four myths to being a global leader. Briefly explain each of
these and give an example for each.
Extra Credit
Individual job-enrichment programs like job rotation, job enlargement, and personal
empowerment have been the focus of managerial change in the US, but have taken very
different forms in Scandinavian countries. The focus of enrichment in the US places
responsibility on the individual as well as assertiveness, whereas enrichment in socialist
countries such as Sweden concentrates on the work team and cooperation with the
collective whole.
a. In general, the US is more masculine-oriented and Scandinavian countries are more
feminine-oriented.