Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
40. When an international marketer emphasizes one environmental issue at the expense of
another, it would be guilty of which “sin” of greenwashing?
a. peripheral
b. hidden trade-off
c. vagueness
d. irrelevance
e. lesser of two evils
41. The potential benefits of positioning a company or product as being sustainable must be
weighed against possible allegations of ______.
a. greencoding
b. greenfaking
c. greenwalling
d. greenscripting
e. greenwashing
42. Positioning based on which of these forms has been criticized as unethical and a driver of
low self-esteem?
a. psychological factors
b. social status
c. product usage
d. product class
e. price-quality relationship
43. In future years “going green” may ______.
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
a. become less of a positioning advantage
b. become more of a positioning advantage
c. become required in many countries
d. lose favorability in least-developed nations
e. lose favorability in most-developed nations
44. Which serves as a basis of the positioning process?
a. statement of intent
b. STP summary
c. creative brief
d. positioning statement
e. corporate website
45. The gap in technology that limits the ability of countries and regions to develop is the
______.
a. technological difference
b. digital divide
c. point of differentiation
d. economic reality
e. competitive disadvantage
46. Which summarizes the response a consumer has to a product due to the country that is the
source, in the consumer’s mind, of the product?
a. nationalism effect
b. patriotism effect
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
c. cognitive effect
d. country-of-origin effect
e. competitor comparison effect
47. Which represent the value drawn from the physical components of the product?
a. tangible product benefits
b. intangible product benefits
c. social comparison benefits
d. country-of-origin benefits
e. visible benefits
48. Patriotism, pride, and prestige are elements of ______.
a. tangible product benefits
b. intangible product benefits
c. social comparison benefits
d. regulatory difference benefits
e. visible benefits
49. Product positioning involves creating a perception in the consumer’s mind regarding the
nature of a company and its products relative to competitors.
a. True
b. False
50. Product position and product positioning are distinct concepts in international marketing.
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
a. True
b. False
51. Two elements of product position are the way customers view the product and the product’s
standing relative to competitors.
a. True
b. False
52. The positioning statement in international marketing focuses on the key benefits that a
product provides to consumers.
a. True
b. False
53. Price-quality perceptions are heavily influenced by the nation in which an item is produced.
a. True
b. False
54. Cultural symbol positioning involves an item or brand achieving unique status within a
culture or region.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
55. Differentiation results from emphasizing a unique benefit or component of a product that
separates it from competitors.
a. True
b. False
56. Differentiation notes the specific benefit or attribute that makes a product unique when
compared to its competitors.
a. True
b. False
57. The unique benefit that a product enjoys due solely to its brand name is known as its brand
equity.
a. True
b. False
58. Brands with points of difference or unique benefits are inclined to experience perceptions of
brand parity.
a. True
b. False
59. Brand parity exists when brands within one product category are viewed as similar or
undifferentiated.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
60. Packaging and labeling complications found in the international environment complicate
international positioning efforts.
a. True
b. False
61. Technological differences and comfort levels with new technologies influence how a product
is positioned in global markets.
a. True
b. False
62. The country-of-origin effect summarizes the response a consumer has to a product due to the
country that is the source, in the consumer’s mind, of the product.
a. True
b. False
63. Country-of-origin effects can be positive or negative.
a. True
b. False
64. Most-developed countries generally have more positive country images.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
65. Relationships between countries can confound positioning effects.
a. True
b. False
66. Animosity toward a country strongly influences consumers.
a. True
b. False
67. Nationalism can lead to animosity as consumers examine products from other countries.
a. True
b. False
68. Religiosity affects shopping behaviors, attitudes toward advertising, purchase information–
search processes, and product preferences.
a. True
b. False
69. Product positioning efforts account for cultural, language, and daily life variances.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
70. Sovereignty means that a government has authority or control within its state.
a. True
b. False
71. If a product is “certified” as being made in the United States, then all component parts of the
product must have been made in the United States.
a. True
b. False
72. The first step of the international product positioning process is analyzing competition within
a targeted market.
a. True
b. False
73. International products face competition from brand versus brand, product versus product, and
industry versus industry.
a. True
b. False
74. The depth of Thai Fruit Company’s line of canned fruit is illustrated in the fact that it has ten
varieties of fruit in the line.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
75. The depth and breadth of product lines can create stronger brand images.
a. True
b. False
76. Tangible product differences are the value drawn from the physical components of a product.
a. True
b. False
77. Positioning maps are tools used to map a company and its competitors in terms of consumer
attitudes or perceptions.
a. True
b. False
78. Share of mind refers to the emotional components of consumer attitudes.
a. True
b. False
79. Share of mind refers to a product’s position in terms of brand awareness.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
80. Repositioning is the process of changing consumer perceptions of a brand relative to
competitors.
a. True
b. False
81. Sustainable business practices generally are not an effective method of differentiating a
business from its competitors.
a. True
b. False
82. Companies that promote sustainable business practices may draw criticisms of greenwashing.
a. True
b. False
83. To be a leader in international marketing, a company should ensure that it is adept at
greenwashing.
a. True
b. False
84. Companies that make assertions of sustainable business practices that are not backed by
evidence or certification are guilty of greenwashing.
a. True
b. False
Instructor Resource
Baack et al., International Marketing, 2e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
85. Describe the seven product positioning approaches that are discussed in the text. Provide
examples of how each can be used in international marketing programs.
86. Discuss the various challenges to international product positioning that are discussed in the
text. Describe how each of these challenges pertains to international positioning efforts.
87. Discuss how an international marketer can utilize a positioning map to effectively market a
product in international markets.
88. Discuss the concepts of “share of mind” and “share of heart.” How do these concepts relate
to international marketing success? Provide examples of products that you believe have high
share of mind and share of heart in a country of your choice.
89. Discuss the “seven deadly sins of greenwashing” and how they apply to international
marketing activities.