Unlock access to all the studying documents.
View Full Document
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
92. By limiting the amount of foreign sourcing, local content laws are viewed as a means of jobs preservation for
domestic workers.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Domestic Content Requirements
93. Local content laws stipulate the maximum percentage of a product’s total value that must be produced domestically for
that product to be sold domestically.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Domestic Content Requirements
94. Local content laws are consistent with the principle of import substitution, in which domestic production replaces the
importation of goods from abroad.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Domestic Content Requirements
95. To the extent that a local content requirement forces firms to locate production in a high-cost nation, product price
rises and consumer surplus falls.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Domestic Content Requirements
96. A subsidy granted to import-competing producers results in a welfare loss to the economy by an amount equal to the
protective effect plus the consumption effect.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
97. A subsidy granted to import-competing producers is intended to lead to increased domestic production and decreased
imports for the home country.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
98. A subsidy granted to an import-competing producer shifts its supply schedule outward to the right.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
99. A subsidy granted to an import-competing producer imposes a deadweight loss on the domestic economy equal to the
redistribution effect plus consumption effect.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
100. A subsidy granted to import-competing producers reduces overall domestic welfare by the same amount as would a
tariff or quota that restricts imports by the same amount.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
101. To the extent that subsidies granted to exporting firms reduce the foreign price of their goods, the subsidizing
country’s terms of trade worsen.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
102. If the U.S. demand for Korean steel is price elastic, an export subsidy granted to Korean steel firms will increase
Korea’s export revenue.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
103. International dumping occurs when foreign buyers are charged higher prices than domestic buyers for an identical
product, after allowing for transportation costs and tariff duties.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
104. Sporadic (distress) dumping would occur if domestic orange producers dispose of an excess quantity of oranges,
resulting from an abnormally large harvest, by selling them at lower prices abroad than at home.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
105. Predatory dumping would occur if Toyota Inc. of Japan sells autos to U.S. consumers at lower prices than to
Japanese consumers in order to put Chrysler Inc. out of business.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
106. A firm would increase profits from dumping if it charges a lower price at home, where demand is inelastic, and a
higher price abroad where demand is elastic.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
107. The purpose of international dumping is to decrease a firm’s costs and increase its profits, compared to what would
be realized in the absence of dumping.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
108. A firm granting lifetime employment to its workers has the incentive to engage in international dumping during
periods of business recession and excess production capacity.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
109. A firm suffering idle plant capacity would minimize losses by selling its product abroad at a lower price than at
home, provided that the foreign price more than covers average variable cost.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
110. Under U.S. antidumping law, an antidumping duty can be levied when the U.S. Commerce Department determines
that a foreign product is being sold in the United States at less than fair value and the U.S. International Trade
Commission determines that the dumped product is causing economic harm to domestic producers.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
111. The margin of dumping equals the amount by which the foreign price is greater than the domestic price, or the
amount by which the foreign price exceeds the cost of production.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
112. For most nations, the ratio of imports to total purchases in the public sector is much higher than in the private sector.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
113. According to the U.S. Buy American Act, federal government agencies cannot purchase materials and products from
U.S. suppliers if their prices are higher than those of foreign competitors.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
114. For the United States, the Buy American Act has tended to increase consumer surplus for U.S. buyers of protected
merchandise.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
115. An effective Buy American law would tend to increase U.S. producer surplus at the expense of U.S. consumer
surplus.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
116. An effective Buy American law results in deadweight welfare losses for the United States in the form of the
protective effect and consumption effect.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
117. Although the Tokyo Round of international trade negotiations reduced the Buy-American restrictions of the U.S.
government, many state governments have maintained restrictive Buy-American policies.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Other Nontariff Trade Barriers
118. According to the cost-based definition of dumping, dumping begins to occur when a firm sells a product at a price
that is less than average variable cost.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
119. If the Japanese demand for computers is elastic and the Canadian demand for computers is inelastic, a profit-
maximizing firm would charge a higher price to Canadian buyers than to Japanese buyers.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
120. If the Australian government imposes a domestic content requirement of 75 percent on autos, at least 25 percent of
an auto’s value must be produced in a foreign country if that auto is to be sold in Australia.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Domestic Content Requirements
121. During the 1980s, the U.S. government imposed sugar import quotas in an attempt to reduce its costs of maintaining
price supports for U.S. sugar growers.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Tariff-Rate Quota: A Two Tier Tariff
Figure 5.5 illustrates the television market for Mexico, assumed to be a small country that is unable to affect the world
price. SMexico is the domestic supply schedule and DMexico is the domestic demand schedule. Suppose that Japan can
supply televisions to Mexico at a price of $100 per set.
Figure 5.5. Mexico’s Television Market
122. Consider Figure 5.5. With free trade, Mexicans produce 4 TVs, consume 24 TVs, and import 20 TVs.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
123. Consider Figure 5.5. With free trade, Mexican producer surplus equals $2450 and Mexican consumer surplus equals
$200.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
124. Consider Figure 5.5. Suppose that the governments of Mexico and Japan negotiate a voluntary export agreement in
which Japanese TV exports to Mexico are limited to 8 units. Under the quota, the price of TVs in Mexico equals $250
while Mexicans produce 10 TVs and purchase 18 TVs.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
125. Consider Figure 5.5. Compared to free trade, the Japanese export quota leads to an increase in Mexican consumer
surplus of $3150.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
126. Consider Figure 5.5. Compared to free trade, the Japanese export quota leads to an increase in Mexican producer
surplus of $1050.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance
127. Consider Figure 5.5. The deadweight welfare loss to Mexico, as a result of the Japanese export quota, totals $1200.
United States – BUSPROG: Promotion – BUSPROG: Analytic
United States – BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
United States – PA – DISC: International trade and fi – DISC: International trade and finance