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50. Davis is the manager of a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in a developing country. The
manufacturing unit does not meet the acceptable standards of the manufacturing facility in the home nation. He
knows that demanding a better manufacturing unit will raise the cost of the drugs mainly exported to other less
developed countries, and hence its price. But he also realizes that by not demanding a better unit, the employees
are prone to serious health issues. Davis is facing:
51. Which of the following best exemplifies an ethical dilemma?
52. Which of the following is most likely to lead to unethical behavior in a business setting?
53. In a business setting, managers sometimes do not realize they are behaving unethically, primarily because
they:
54. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the pressure on managers to violate their personal ethics?
55. Unipeg Corporation has uniform high sales targets for its employees all across the globe, regardless of the
environmental constraints in each market. Employees are penalized for any shortfall. This has caused many
employees to falsify the values of their sales. In this context, the roots of unethical behavior can be traced to:
56. The CEO of Gold Chip Software engages in corruption and uses his power in the company to enrich himself
and his family members. Consequently, his employees also engage in the same behavior. In this case, the roots
of unethical behavior can be traced to:
57. The CEO of United Synergy Inc., a company in its embryonic stage, believes that unethical behavior will
result in premature decline of the company. In order to ensure that the company starts operating in the most
ethical manner, the CEO should:
58. Which of the following is detrimental to an ethical business setting?
59. Which of the following explicitly rejects the idea that businesses should undertake social expenditures
beyond those mandated by the law and required for the efficient running of a business?
60. Which of the following is a straw man approach to business ethics?
61. Who asserted that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company
stays within the rules of law?
62. Cadmium Technologies Inc. believes that the sole purpose of its existence is to maximize profits for its
stockholders. The firm has often been criticized for not engaging in any social investments. However, the firm
has been appreciated for abiding by the laws while earning profits. According to this information, which of the
following approaches to ethics is most likely being adopted by Cadmium Technologies?
63. Which of the following straw men approaches to business ethics is best summarized by the maxim "When in
Rome, do as the Romans"?
64. Green Quantum Inc. has research and production units all across the globe. The company expects its
expatriate managers to adopt the ethics propagated by the culture in which they operate their respective units.
Even in situations when others consider certain actions as unethical, the company allows its managers to pursue
such actions if they are permitted in the host nation. Green Quantum is most likely following:
65. Neon Synergy Inc. operates in three different countries, and is headed by a CEO who believes that the best
approach to ethics is cultural relativism. In this context, which of the following statements is most likely to be
true regarding Neon Synergy?
66. Three Torque Inc., a U.S.-based multinational company, allows its managers to make facilitating payments
in host countries to expedite government formalities. However, in countries where such payments are
considered as unethical, the company restricts its managers from indulging in such activities. This behavior of
the company illustrates the straw man approach of:
67. Shangrilah Sandals is a manufacturing firm in a developing country, where it routinely uses grease
payments to local officials to expedite overseas shipments. It has decided to open a plant in the United States,
and has determined that it would not offer any facilitating payments to U.S. officials. Shangrilah's behavior
illustrates the straw man approach of:
68. A righteous moralist is most likely to claim that:
69. The straw man approach of righteous moralism is typically associated with managers from:
70. Jonathan is the manager of his company's facilities in the Philippines. He believes in ensuring the exact
same standards of working conditions, wages, and labor management in the Philippines as practiced by the
company's corporate office in its home country, the United States. His policy does not always lead to profits
because of the vast cultural differences between the two nations. Which of the following straw men approaches
to ethics is most likely being adopted by Jonathan?
71. Silver Meteorite Inc. is a multinational company whose home country, Palumbia Republic, considers grease
payments as both illegal and unethical. Hence, the company has a zero-tolerance approach toward grease
payments irrespective of any of its host nations' perspectives toward such payments. In this context, Silver
Meteorite Inc. is following the approach to ethics known as:
72. Maverick Stars Inc., a U.S.-based multinational company, applies its home-country standards of
employment and production in its manufacturing facilities located in some less-developed host nations. In this
context, the company is most likely to be criticized for:
73. A multinational corporation that adopts the naive immoralist approach to ethics will most likely:
74. An American manager of a multinational company who is working in one of the company's production
plants located in the country of Cadmia employs child labor at the manufacturing unit he is in charge of. On
being criticized as unethical, the manager argues that such actions are ethically defensible because everyone in
Cadmia is doing it. Which of the following straw men approaches to ethics is most likely demonstrated by the
manager?
75. Which of the following statements is true of the utilitarian approach to business ethics?
76. The utilitarian philosophy for business ethics primarily focuses on:
77. Which of the following approaches to ethics holds that an action is judged desirable if it leads to the best
possible balance of good consequences over bad consequences?
78. The best decisions, from a utilitarian perspective, are those that:
79. Adoption of which of the following ethical approaches is most likely to cause a company to use tools such
as cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment to weigh all of the social benefits and costs of a business action?
80. Which of the following is a drawback of the utilitarian approach to business ethics?
81. Which of the following philosophies of ethics holds that people should be treated as ends and never purely
as means to the ends of others?
82. Some contemporary moral philosophers view Kant's ethical philosophy as incomplete because his system
has no place for:
83. Which of the following is a violation of ethics according to Kantian philosophy?
84. According to the theory of rights:
85. While making a business decision, a manager who believes in rights theories is most likely to focus on:
86. Which of the following statements is true about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
87. In stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that they are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood, Article 1 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights echoes:
88. Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights implies that it is unethical to employ child labor in
sweatshop settings and pay less than subsistence wages, even if that happens to be common practice in some
countries. This is in contrast to:
89. What does Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights convey?
