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c4 Key
1. Values provide the context within which a society's norms are established and justified.
2. Rituals and symbols are the most visible manifestations of a culture and constitute the outward expression of
deeper values.
3. There is a strict one-to-one correspondence between a society and a nation-state.
4. The emphasis on individualism results in a low degree of managerial mobility between companies.
5. The emphasis on individualism may make it difficult to build teams within an organization to perform
collective tasks.
6. The emphasis on individualism has led to the widespread diffusion of self-managing work teams within
Japanese organizations.
7. The primacy of the value of group identification encourages managers and workers to move from company to
company.
8. Strong identification with the group tends to create pressures for mutual self-help and collective action.
9. Individuals become a member of the social category to which their parents belong.
10. The least rigid system of social stratification is a caste system.
11. A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into
which a person is born.
12. In a class system, individuals born into a class at the bottom of the social hierarchy can work their way up.
13. Although upward social mobility was possible in Britain, it could not normally be achieved in one
generation.
14. Class membership in the United States is determined to a much greater degree by individual background and
schooling, as opposed to economic achievements.
15. In American society, the high degree of social mobility and the extreme emphasis on individualism have
resulted in the emergence of class consciousness.
16. It is easier for companies based in countries with a high degree of class consciousness to establish a
competitive advantage in the global economy.
17. Confucianism and Confucian ethics influence behavior and shape culture in parts of Asia, hence it is correct
to characterize Confucianism as a religion.
18. Buddhism has the highest number of adherents in the world today.
19. According to Max Weber, Protestant ethics discouraged the development of capitalism.
20. Max Weber argued that the Catholic promise of salvation in the next world, rather than this world, fostered
"a spirit of capitalism."
21. Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is a monotheistic religion.
22. Islam is not just a religion; it is also the source of law, a guide to statecraft, and an arbiter of social
behavior.
23. Under the Islamic banking method of mudarabah, when an Islamic bank lends money to a business, rather
than charging that business interest on the loan, it takes a share in the profits that are derived from the
investment.
24. The murabaha contract is the most widely used among the world's Islamic banks, primarily because it is the
easiest to implement.
25. Max Weber argued that the ascetic principles embedded in Hinduism encourage the kind of entrepreneurial
activity in pursuit of wealth creation that we find in Protestantism.
26. The concept of mobility between castes within an individual's lifetime makes no sense to traditional
Hindus.
27. Confucianism is not concerned with the supernatural and has little to say about the concept of a supreme
being or an afterlife.
28. The use of a grading system in schools teaches children the value of personal achievement and competition.
29. According to Geert Hofstede, high power distance cultures were found in societies that tried to play down
inequalities of power and wealth as much as possible.
30. People who cannot take food or safety for granted tend to have authoritarian tendencies, and believe that
men make better political leaders than women.
31. According to the World Values Survey, as countries get richer, a shift occurs away from "traditional values"
linked to religion, family, and country, and toward "secular rational" values.
32. Which of the following means an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can
affect the way business is practiced?
33. When Shop Smart opened its first super market in China it was unable to generate any sales. After
conducting a research, it was understood that the local sales personnel found it difficult to communicate with
the American store managers. In addition, Chinese consumers found it difficult to shop in the American way.
Shop Smart's failure in China can be attributed to the lack of:
34. Which of the following statements is true about culture?
35. In a social context, the term values is used to describe the:
36. In a society, actions of people directed toward one another are governed by a set of social rules called:
37. Which of the following are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a
particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like?
38. Which of the following exemplifies violation of folkways best?
39. What is the difference between folkways and mores?
40. Which of the following best exemplifies violation of mores?
41. A difference in the attitudes of people toward time in different cultures is an example of which of the
following in individual cultures?
42. Which of the following statements is true of mores?
43. Which of the following statements is true about most Western societies?
44. Which of the following is a dimension of social structure that is particularly important when explaining
differences between cultures?
45. Which of the following is an implication of high degree of managerial mobility in societies that emphasize
individualism?
46. In the context of social structure, American society is characterized by a low degree of:
47. The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society.
Which of the following statements is true about the society of this country?
48. One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that it:
49. Which of the following statements is true about the business implications of Japanese society?
