50. When compared to American society, Japanese society lacks:
51. If a society emphasizes the group as the primary unit of social organization, it is most likely to:
52. Which of the following is a possible downside of emphasizing the primacy of group identification over
individualism?
53. Which of the following statements is true about social stratification?
54. Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the
family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual’s
lifetime?
55. Mountland Republic follows a system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social
mobility. In this system of open stratification the status of a person is solely determined by his or her own
socioeconomic achievements. Mountland Republic is most likely to be following what type of system of social
stratification?
56. In the country of Burnada, the citizens are restricted from moving out of the strata they are born into. Also,
individuals are allowed to engage only in the occupation associated with their particular strata. The system of
social stratification being practiced in Burnada can be identified as a:
57. Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the
British class system?
58. Which of the following refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class
background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes?
59. In the Republic of Cedia, people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds. This in turn
regulates their relationships with members of other classes. As a result of the heightened class consciousness:
60. Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?
61. Which of the following is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia
and is not considered as a religion?
62. In 1904, who theorized that there was a relationship between Protestantism and the emergence of modern
capitalism?
63. According to Max Weber, Protestantism encouraged capitalism’s development by:
64. Which of the following is a religion that prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, as it is considered to be
usury?
65. The rise of Islamic fundamentalism is, in part, a response to the:
66. Which of the following statements is true of Islam?
67. Muslim countries are likely to be receptive to international businesses as long as those businesses:
68. A major distinction between a conventional bank and an Islamic bank is that Islamic banks:
69. Mudarabah and the murabaha are:
70. Which of the following is true about the Islamic banking method the mudarabah?
71. Which of the following religions does not owe its founding to any one particular individual?
72. Dharma, karma, and nirvana are terms related to:
73. Many of which of the following believe that the way to achieve nirvana—a state of complete spiritual
perfection—is to lead a severe ascetic lifestyle of material and physical self-denial, devoting life to a spiritual
rather than material quest?
74. Which of the following statements is true about Hinduism?
75. Max Weber argued that the ascetic principles embedded in which of the following do not encourage
entrepreneurial activity in pursuit of wealth creation because it is perceived that such activities make the
attainment of nirvana more difficult?
76. Hindus see mobility between castes as something that can be achieved through:
77. Mr. X finds it hard to dine with his American colleagues as his religion prohibits the consumption of pork
and alcohol. He also quit his previous job in a bank because his religion considers the payment or receipt of
interest as exploitative and unjust. According to this information, Mr. X is a follower of:
78. Ms. X is a follower of a religion that emphasizes that individuals should be judged solely by their spiritual
achievements. The caste she belongs to is of the highest order in her religion, and hence is highly respected. She
also firmly believes that she was born into the high caste as a result of her spiritual development in her previous
life. Ms. X follows:
79. Which of the following was founded in India in the sixth century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian
prince who renounced his wealth to pursue an ascetic lifestyle and spiritual perfection?
80. What is the common aspect of the teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism?
81. Which of the following statements is true about Buddhism?
82. Mr. X follows a religion that does not propagate the caste system. Also, his religion emphasizes right
seeing, thinking, speech, action, living, effort, mindfulness, and meditation as a route for spiritual
transformation. According to this information, Mr. X can be considered a:
83. For more than 2,000 years until the 1949 communist revolution, which of the following, which teaches the
importance of attaining personal salvation through right action, was the official ethical system of China?
84. Which of the following is a nonreligious ethical system principally followed in China, Korea, and Japan?
85. Which of the following is not concerned with the supernatural, has little to say about the concept of a
supreme being or an afterlife, and believes that loyalty to one’s superiors is an absolute obligation?
86. Which of the following statements is true of Confucianism?
87. China Innovation Inc. is a devout follower of Confucian ethics. Hence, it hires people who live by similar
principles. Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of this company?
88. In a Confucian culture, loyalty of the subordinates to their superiors should be:
89. Which of the following Confucian ethics is central to the Chinese concept of guanxi?