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99.
Regarding cultural forces and their impact on standardization of global operations, which
of the following is not true?
100.
Regarding political forces and their impact on standardization of global operations, which
of the following is not true, according to the text?
101.
According to the text, which of the following is true?
102.
According to the text, which of the following is true?
103.
The centerpiece of Cognizant Technology Solution's operations is the company's
innovative ________________ business model.
104.
According to the text, Cognizant Technology Solutions
18-65
105.
Intermediate technology is
Fill in the Blank Questions
106.
Sometimes called additive manufacturing, _______________creates a product by
methodically adding material in a layer-by-layer manner.
107.
Hiring others to perform some of the noncore activities and decision making in a
company's value chain, rather than having the company and its employees continue to
perform these activities, is called ____________.
108.
The process of coordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information, finances,
and services within and among companies in the value chain is called
___________________________________.
109.
The activities required to produce a company's products and services and the way these
activities are linked together is called the _______________.
110.
A typical company's supply chain costs can represent more than ______ percent of the
firm's assets.
111.
It has been argued that the ultimate goal of effective supply chain management systems is
to reduce ______, consistent with the prerequisites that the company's products be
available when needed and at the desired level of quality and quantity.
112.
As highlighted in the IB in Practice box on Zara, global supply chain management has been
receiving increasing attention because many companies have achieved significant
international competitive ______ as a result of the manner in which they have configured
and managed their global supply chain activities.
113.
The ______ of a company's products and services has a fundamental relationship with the
types of inputs that the company will require, including labor, materials, information, and
financing.
114.
An important consideration in design is the extent to which the international company's
products and services will be ______ across nations or regions.
115.
A traditional approach to product design is the over-the ______ approach.
116.
The ______ engineering approach to design promotes cross-functional participation in the
design stage, thereby identifying and avoiding many potential sourcing, manufacturing,
and other difficulties.
117.
The primary reason for sourcing globally is to obtain _______________________.
118.
____________ is the relocation of some or all of a business's activities or processes to a
foreign location.
119.
Outsourcing overseas is often called _______________.
120.
Any part of the ______ chain can be outsourced, including product design, raw material or
component supply, manufacturing or assembly, logistics, distribution, marketing, sales,
service, human resources, or other activities.
121.
Outsourcing decisions, including the decision to use global sources of supply, are
extensions of the ______ decisions of earlier eras.
122.
Trade that occurs between a parent company and its foreign affiliates is called
____________.
123.
In U.S. industry, the proportion of externally purchased materials in the overall cost of
goods sold has been ______ for several decades.
124.
In recent years, many firms have set up e-______ exchanges, individually or in conjunction
with other firms.
125.
While direct production-oriented goods have been the focus of management attention for
many years, the purchasing of goods and services that are not part of finished goods,
termed _______________, is also critical.
126.
Electronic exchanges can also permit buyers and suppliers to interact through a standard
bid/______ system.
127.
For purchases of capital goods such as manufacturing equipment, many U.S. buying
organizations now use _________ costing to analyze purchasing decisions.
128.
Firms are increasingly including full costing, including the use of _________ costing
systems, to ensure that all the costs associated with foreign sourcing are fully recognized
when they make purchasing decisions.
129.
It is essential that global sourcing decisions be closely linked to the organization's ______
and that explicit objectives for suppliers be defined and incorporated in contracts.
130.
Because international firms maintain manufacturing facilities in countries with different
levels of development, manufacturing systems within and across sites will also ______
considerably.
131.
Computer-_______________ uses computers and robots to further improve productivity and
quality.
132.
A balanced system in which there is little or no delay time and idle in-process and finished
inventory is called _________.
133.
For JIT to be successful, manufacturers have to have the cooperation of their ______.
134.
______ JIT involves a narrow focus on managing goods inventories.
135.
______ is a companywide management approach in which the entire organization is
managed so that it excels on all dimensions of product and services that are important to
the customer.
136.
A __________ is a small work group that meets periodically to discuss ways to improve
their functional areas and the quality of the product.
137.
__________ manufacturing is an entire manufacturing process with unbalanced operations
that emphasizes total system performance.
138.
Synchronous manufacturing is also called the theory of ______.
139.
A __________ sets the limit for the entire synchronous production system's output.
140.
Unlike JIT, in which the capacities of all operations are equal, synchronous manufacturing
aims to balance the product flow through the system, which leaves output levels of the
various operations ______.
141.
A production increase at the bottleneck means an increase for the entire production
system; an increase in a nonbottleneck operation adds to only that machine's ______ time.
