59) ________ is crucial in production facilities where nonnative managers supervise local
employees.
A) Ethnocentricism
B) Language proficiency
C) Cultural isolation
D) Individualism
60) Lingua franca is ________.
A) a language spoken by all countries in a continent
B) a form of non-verbal language adopted by all nations as the official language for business
transactions
C) a unique language developed by Asian countries
D) a “link” language understood by two parties who speak different native languages
61) Which of the following terms is used to refer to the departure of highly educated people from
one profession, geographic region, or nation to another?
A) social mobility
B) repatriation
C) stratification
D) brain drain
62) Over the last ten years, nearly 90% of medical graduates from Konesia have left the country
for higher-paying jobs in the United States. What phenomenon has Konesia been witnessing?
A) vested outsourcing
B) brain drain
C) redeployment
D) repatriation
63) Reverse brain drain is the process by which ________.
A) manual laborers migrate from low-income countries to high-income countries
B) former communist nations lure professionals back to their homeland
C) students from Europe choose to enroll themselves in American universities
D) companies in high-income countries hire people from low-income countries to fill white-
collar positions
64) Konesia is a country with a number of offshore islands. Its landscape is characterized by
deep valleys, rocky plains, and impassable mountains. Which of the following statements about
the country is true, keeping its topography in mind?
A) Konesia is the ideal place to set up production facilities for multinational companies.
B) Konesia experiences a slow rate of cultural change.
C) Konesia is a receptive market for foreign automobile companies.
D) Konesia is greatly susceptible to cultural imperialism.
65) Which of the following terms refers to the technology used in a culture to manufacture goods
and provide services?
A) vernacular culture
B) popular culture
C) trash culture
D) material culture
66) ________ is often used to measure the technological advancement of a nation’s markets or
industries.
A) Material culture
B) Popular culture
C) Trash culture
D) Vernacular culture
67) ________ cultures value hard work and promote entrepreneurial risk taking.
A) Short-term oriented
B) High uncertainty avoidance
C) Individualist
D) Collectivist
68) Andy comes from a culture that emphasizes hard work and promotes the entrepreneurial
spirit within individuals. While he and his coworkers are encouraged to achieve their personal
goals, they are also held responsible for their actions. According to Hofstede’s framework, which
of the following dimensions does this culture illustrate?
A) feminity
B) individualism
C) high power distance
D) high uncertainty avoidance
69) According to Hofstede’s framework, which of the following dimensions describes the degree
to which a culture accepts social inequality among its people?
A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) collectivism
70) According to Hofstede’s framework, organizations which have cultures that score high on
________ tend to be more hierarchical, with power deriving from prestige, force, and
inheritance.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) power distance
C) short-term orientation
D) femininity
71) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture with large power distance tends to be
characterized by ________.
A) inequality between superiors and subordinates
B) the absence of any form of hierarchy
C) power derived from hard work and entrepreneurial drive
D) a preference for individualism over collectivism
72) Sally, a social worker from the United States, has been stationed in Konesia for a year. She
notices several things about the Konesian society; the people who report to her, for example, do
so with an excessive amount of submissiveness, and her superior seems to expect the same of
her. Which of the following statements about Konesia would be consistent with Hofstede’s
framework?
A) Konesians work best in an informal environment.
B) Konesia has a large power distance culture.
C) Konesian society is primarily individualistic.
D) Konesians derive power from their entrepreneurial drive.
73) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture with ________ values security and places its
faith in strong systems of rules and procedures in society.
A) large uncertainty avoidance
B) low power distance
C) short-term orientation
D) high individualism
74) According to Hofstede’s framework, cultures scoring high on the dimension of ________
tend to be characterized by personal assertiveness and the accumulation of wealth, typically
translating into an entrepreneurial drive.
A) power distance
B) collectivism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) masculinity
75) According to Hofstede’s framework, cultures scoring high on the dimension of ________
generally have more relaxed lifestyles in which people are more concerned about caring for
others as opposed to material gain.
A) feminity
B) ethnocentricity
C) imperialism
D) individualism
76) According to Hofstede’s framework, cultures that score high on ________ value respect for
tradition, thrift, and perseverance, and have strong work ethics.
A) power distance
B) masculinity
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) long-term orientation
77) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture that scores low on ________ is characterized
by individual stability and reputation, fulfilling social obligations, and reciprocation of greetings
and gifts.
A) collectivism
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) long-term orientation
D) feminity
78) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture that scores low on ________ can change more
rapidly because tradition and commitment are not impediments to change.
A) masculinity
B) individualism
C) long-term orientation
D) risk-taking
79) Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens their argument?
A) The Education Board of France has made it mandatory for schools to teach students English
as a second language.
B) The sales of English novels have risen sharply, while those of French novels have declined to
a corresponding extent.
C) Stores now advertise their presence with two placards; one in English and one in French.
D) French fashions are no longer popular in English speaking countries.
80) Which of the following statements, if true, weakens their argument?
A) Hollywood movies star French actors very often.
B) English novels are more expensive than French novels.
C) Contemporary French artists have failed to come up with original songs.
D) A larger number of children are being given English names than traditional French names.
81) Upon what assumption does their argument rest?
They argument assumes that ________.
A) the people of France prefer English music and movies to French music and movies
B) the people of France no longer speak French
C) the people of other countries aren’t open to French cultural elements
D) Hollywood movies don’t have French subtitles
82) Their argument is vulnerable to criticism because ________.
A) most restaurants still display their menu cards in French
B) they fail to take other social and cultural factors into account
C) they do not distinguish between movies made by studios in England and movies made in
Hollywood
D) no other country screens French movies or star French actors
83) Surveys conducted by a group of sociologists show that French children display more
familiarity with the superheroes of Hollywood movies than with the heroes of their traditional
folklore. The French Government can use this fact to prove the effect of ________ within their
country.
A) cultural imperialism
B) social stratification
C) ethnocentricism
D) racism
84) The French Government promotes the concept of ________ by building museums and
monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people.
A) subculture
B) national culture
C) popular culture
D) monoculture
Scenario: Frankfurter Friday
Betty Cleveland is the vice president of Frankfurter Friday, a highly successful hot dog joint in
Oceania. Her company decides to expand to Asia and identifies China as the ideal market.
Before she leaves for China, she studies their culture extensively and discovers that the number
four is considered extremely unlucky, that not everybody is fluent in China’s official language–
Mandarin–and that punctuality is a highly valued trait in the country.
85) Which of the following terms describes Betty’s effort to learn more about the Chinese
culture?
A) cultural literacy
B) cultural imperialism
C) cultural divergence
D) cultural heterogeneity
86) When selecting employees to help her establish their chain in China, she decides not to
transfer Craig, as he believes that the people of China are less competent and skilled than the
people of his country. What trait does Craig display?
A) individualism
B) imperialism
C) ethnocentricism
D) collectivism
87) Betty notices that organizations in China tend to be hierarchical with power derived from
prestige and force. Which of the following statements is consistent with her observation?
A) Chinese society considers caste system and class system a myth.
B) Chinese men are subordinate to Chinese women.
C) China scores high on the power distance dimension.
D) China owes its success to its individualistic society.
88) Once in China, Betty witnesses the ease with which Chinese employees incorporate change
and new ideas into their work–unlike the people of Oceania who prefer strong systems of rules
and guidelines. Which of the following statements within Hofstede’s framework is consistent
with her observation?
A) China scores low on the uncertainty avoidance dimension.
B) China scores high on the feminity dimension.
C) Chinese organizations are the least entrepreneurial.
D) Chinese organizations have high levels of employee turnover.
89) One of Betty’s employees, Dan, oversees the hot dog joint’s decor. He designs all menu cards
in shades of red and gold because those are considered lucky colors in China. He also uses his
knowledge of Feng Shui when designing the building’s interior. The cultural component Dan is
involved in is ________.
A) ethics
B) stratification
C) imperialism
D) aesthetics
90) Against Betty’s judgment, her boss decides to market Frankfurter’s beef sausages in the town
of Xunagshi, believing that it would rake in a huge profit. Which of the following, if true, would
prove that her boss’s decision is a bad one?
A) There are very few vegetarians in Xunagshi.
B) Due to their exposure to the Western culture, the youth of Xunagshi is more open to fast food
than the town elders.
C) The traditional dishes of Xunagshi are more expensive than the beef sausages.
D) Xunagshi has a large Hindu population, all of whom are forbidden from eating beef.
91) Explain the Hofstede framework briefly.
92) Are the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck and Hofstede frameworks useful for understanding
subcultures? Why or why not?
93) How can a nation’s topography affect the existence of subcultures?
94) Distinguish between attitudes and values. How do cultures differ in their attitudes toward
cultural change?
95) Describe the relationship between culture and the physical environment.
96) Explain the concept of culture. Why is it important to avoid ethnocentricity and gain cultural
literacy?
97) Describe brain drain and its impact on an economy. What is reverse brain drain?
98) Discuss the concept of lingua franca and how it affects communication in international
business.
99) What are the two types of family groups? Why does the family play an important role in
affecting business activities across the world?
100) Differentiate between folk and popular customs. Why are popular customs seen as a threat
by some cultures? Support your answer with an example.