CHAPTER 16
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND U.S. TRADE POLICY
B. Multiple-Choice Questions
6. The most recently successfully completed GATT/WTO “round” or set of multilateral
trade negotiations was the
7. The World Trade Organization
8. Which of the following is generally thought to have established the highest tariffs in U.S.
history?
9. The average level of tariffs in developing countries, which is __________ the average
level of tariffs in the developed countries, __________ after the conclusion of the
Uruguay Round of trade negotiations.
10. Recent polling work discussed in the text pertaining to attitudes toward international
trade suggests that Americans have __________. Another finding is that greater
inequality in a country seems to be positively associated with a greater desire
__________.
11. If some of a country’s resources are devoted to the provision of bribes and other
incentives to legislators so as to influence voting behavior on particular policies, these
actions __________; the actions are referred to by economists as __________.
a. lead to enhanced production of goods and services in the country rather than simply to
a redistribution of income; “directly productive activity”
12. The concept of “results–based” trade policy
13. The successful Uruguay Round of trade negotiations transformed the then-existing
sponsoring agency into the __________, which began operation in __________.
14. The use of a bilateral, item-by-item approach best characterizes which period of trade
negotiations?
15. It is not uncommon to find a voting industry minority being able to put in place trade
policies that benefit that minority at the expense of the majority
16. The longstanding arrangement for regulating the flow of imports of textiles and apparel
into developed countries from developing countries was known as __________.
17. The first U.S. legislation to authorize “adjustment assistance” for workers displaced by
tariff reductions was the
18. In the last 10-15 years, which one of the following sets of goods has NOT been subject to
an agreement to limit the amount of imports into the United States?
19. In late 2003, the Bush administration unilaterally placed temporary import quotas on
several textile items imported from __________.
20. In the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, the talks originally broke down in 1990
primarily because of the strong disagreement between the United States and the
European Community with respect to
21 The feature of U.S. trade legislation whereby a negotiated trade agreement (negotiated by
the Executive Branch) can only be voted on in a “yea” or “nay” fashion (with no
amendments) by the Congress is known as
22. Small groups may gain at the expense of the majority when
a. voters perceive that there are costs associated with voting.
23. An early significant agreement in the negotiations of the Doha Development Agenda that
is of importance to developing countries occurred in the area of
24. After the implementation of the tariff reductions agreed to in the Uruguay Round of
multilateral trade negotiations, the average level of tariffs in developed countries was
__________.
25. In 2011, final approval by the U.S. Congress was given to free-trade agreements with
__________.