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76) “Investment grade” ratings are in these categories.
A) Moody’s: AAA to BBB and S&P Global Ratings: Aaa to Baa
B) Moody’s: Aaa to Baa and S&P Global Ratings: AAA to BBB
C) Moody’s: AAA to A and S&P Global Ratings: Aaa to A
D) Moody’s: Aaa to A and S&P Global Ratings: AAA to A
77) S&P Global Ratings has, for years, provided credit ratings on international bonds.
A) The ratings reflect the safety of principal for a U.S. investor.
B) Their ratings reflect the creditworthiness of the borrower and not exchange rate
uncertainty.
C) Their ratings reflect creditworthiness of the lender and predict the exchange rate
expected to prevail at maturity.
D) The ratings are biased since 40 percent of Eurobond issues are rated AAA and 30
percent are AA.
78) A disproportionate share of Eurobonds have high credit ratings in comparison to
domestic and foreign bonds. (Approximately 40 percent of Eurobond issues are rated AAA and
30 percent are AA). Explanations for this include
A) the issuers receiving low credit ratings invoke their publication rights and have had
them withdrawn prior to dissemination.
B) the Eurobond market is accessible only to firms that have good credit ratings and
name recognition to begin with; hence, they are rated highly.
C) there is “grade inflation” on the part of the bond rating agencies which are paid by
the issuers and have to compete for business.
D) Both A and B
79) The credit rating of an international borrower