59) Reverse brain drain is the process by which ________.
A) manual laborers migrate from low-income countries to high-income countries
B) professionals are lured back to their homeland
C) students from Europe choose to enroll themselves in American universities
D) companies in high-income countries hire people from low-income countries to fill white–
collar positions
60) Konesia is a country with a number of offshore islands. Its landscape is characterized by
deep valleys, rocky plains, and impassable mountains. Which of the following statements about
the country is true, keeping its topography in mind?
A) Konesia is the ideal place to set up production facilities for multinational companies.
B) Konesia experiences a slow rate of cultural change.
C) Konesia is a receptive market for foreign automobile companies.
D) Konesia is greatly susceptible to cultural imperialism.
61) Social mobility tends to be higher in less stratified societies.
62) Nations that invest in worker training programs are usually rewarded with an increase in
productivity and a rise in income.
63) Brain drain is the departure of highly educated people from one profession, geographic
region, or nation to another.
64) Describe brain drain and its impact on an economy. What is reverse brain drain?
65) What are the two types of family groups? Why does the family play an important role in
affecting business activities across the world?
66) Religion ________.
A) is the exclusive means by which a society’s members communicate with each other
B) shapes the attitudes its adherents have toward work, consumption, individual responsibility,
and planning for the future
C) is the overall framework that determines the roles of individuals within a society, the
stratification of the society, and the individuals’ mobility within the society
D) remains one of the least important elements of culture
67) Religion is confined to national political boundaries.
68) Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens their argument?
A) The Education Board of France has made it mandatory for schools to teach students English
as a second language.
B) The sales of English novels have risen sharply, while those of French novels have declined to
a corresponding extent.
C) Stores now advertise their presence with two placards; one in English and one in French.
D) French fashions are no longer popular in English speaking countries.
69) Which of the following statements, if true, weakens their argument?
A) Hollywood movies star French actors very often.
B) English novels are more expensive than French novels.
C) Contemporary French artists have failed to come up with original songs.
D) A larger number of children are being given English names than traditional French names.
70) Upon what assumption does their argument rest? Their argument assumes that ________.
A) the people of France prefer English music and movies to French music and movies
B) the people of France no longer speak French
C) the people of other countries aren’t open to French cultural elements
D) Hollywood movies don’t have French subtitles
71) When going global with an Internet presence, it is highly beneficial for a business to localize
its Web site.
72) Discuss the concept of lingua franca and how it affects communication in international
business.
73) Which of the following terms refers to the technology used in a culture to manufacture goods
and provide services?
A) vernacular culture
B) popular culture
C) trash culture
D) material culture
74) ________ is often used to measure the technological advancement of a nation’s markets or
industries.
A) Material culture
B) Popular culture
C) Trash culture
D) Vernacular culture
75) ________ cultures value hard work and promote entrepreneurial risk taking.
A) Short–term oriented
B) High uncertainty avoidance
C) Individualist
D) Collectivist
76) Which of the following is characterized by low dependence on an organization and a desire
for personal time, freedom, and challenges?
A) collectivism
B) democracy
C) individualism
D) anarchy
77) According to Hofstede’s framework, people generally prefer little consultation between
superiors and subordinates in cultures where ________ is high.
A) power distance
B) fatalism
C) individualism
D) self–actualization
78) According to Hofstede’s framework, organizations which have cultures that score high on
________ tend to be more hierarchical, with power deriving from prestige, force, and
inheritance.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) power distance
C) short–term orientation
D) femininity
79) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture with large power distance tends to be
characterized by ________.
A) inequality between superiors and subordinates
B) the absence of any form of hierarchy
C) power derived from hard work and entrepreneurial drive
D) a preference for individualism over collectivism
80) Sally, a social worker from the United States, has been stationed in Konesia for a year. She
notices several things about the Konesian society; the people who report to her, for example, do
so with an excessive amount of submissiveness, and her superior seems to expect the same of
her. Which of the following statements about Konesia would be consistent with Hofstede’s
framework?
A) Konesians work best in an informal environment.
B) Konesia has a large power distance culture.
C) Konesian society is primarily individualistic.
D) Konesians derive power from their entrepreneurial drive.
81) According to Hofstede’s framework, managers should be more precise in their directions to
subordinates when ________.
A) the company has a philosophy of geocentrism
B) the society believes age equals wisdom
C) uncertainty avoidance is high
D) power distance is low
82) According to Hofstede’s framework, cultures scoring high on the dimension of ________
tend to be characterized by personal assertiveness and the accumulation of wealth, typically
translating into an entrepreneurial drive.
A) power distance
B) collectivism
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) masculinity
83) The term “________ culture” describes a country in which the norm is a money-and-things
orientation and a belief that it’s better to “live to work” than to “work to live.”
A) high masculinity
B) physiological
C) non-fatalistic
D) high–femininity
84) According to Hofstede’s framework, cultures that score high on ________ value respect for
tradition, thrift, and perseverance, and have strong work ethics.
A) power distance
B) masculinity
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) long-term orientation
85) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture that scores low on ________ is characterized
by individual stability and reputation, fulfilling social obligations, and reciprocation of greetings
and gifts.
A) collectivism
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) long-term orientation
D) femininity
86) According to Hofstede’s framework, a culture that scores low on ________ can change more
rapidly because tradition and commitment are not impediments to change.
A) masculinity
B) individualism
C) long-term orientation
D) risk–taking
87) When selecting employees to help her establish their chain in China, she decides not to
transfer Craig, as he believes that the people of China are less competent and skilled than the
people of his country. What trait does Craig display?
A) individualism
B) imperialism
C) ethnocentrism
D) collectivism
88) Betty notices that organizations in China tend to be hierarchical with power derived from
prestige and force. Which of the following statements is consistent with her observation?
A) Chinese society considers caste system and class system a myth.
B) Chinese men are subordinate to Chinese women.
C) China scores high on the power distance dimension.
D) China owes its success to its individualistic society.
89) Once in China, Betty witnesses the ease with which Chinese employees incorporate change
and new ideas into their work–unlike the people of Oceania who prefer strong systems of rules
and guidelines. Which of the following statements within Hofstede’s framework is consistent
with her observation?
A) China scores low on the uncertainty avoidance dimension.
B) China scores high on the femininity dimension.
C) Chinese organizations are the least entrepreneurial.
D) Chinese organizations have high levels of employee turnover.
90) One of Betty’s employees, Dan, oversees the hot dog joint‘s decor. He designs all menu cards
in shades of red and gold because those are considered lucky colors in China. He also uses his
knowledge of Feng Shui when designing the building’s interior. The cultural component Dan is
involved in is ________.
A) ethics
B) stratification
C) imperialism
D) aesthetics
91) Against Betty’s judgment, her boss decides to market Frankfurter’s beef sausages in the town
of Xunagshi, believing that it would rake in a huge profit. Which of the following, if true, would
prove that her boss’s decision is a bad one?
A) There are very few vegetarians in Xunagshi.
B) Due to their exposure to the Western culture, the youth of Xunagshi is more open to fast food
than the town elders.
C) The traditional dishes of Xunagshi are more expensive than the beef sausages.
D) Xunagshi has a large Hindu population, all of whom are forbidden from eating beef.
92) Businesspeople measure material culture to determine whether a market can support
production activities.
93) People in collectivistic cultures are more focused on the success of the organization.
94) A culture with large power distance tends to be characterized by considerable inequality
between superiors and subordinates.
95) Cultures that score high on uncertainty avoidance tend to be less open to change and new
ideas.
96) Explain the Hofstede framework briefly.
97) Are the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck and Hofstede frameworks useful for understanding
subcultures? Why or why not?
98) How can a nation’s topography affect the existence of subcultures?
99) Describe the relationship between culture and the physical environment.
100) Differentiate between folk and popular customs. Why are popular customs seen as a threat
by some cultures? Support your answer with an example.