CHAPTER 12:
PT-3 OPERATIONS
OBJECTIVES
• Describe and operate the feed and preheat system.
• Describe and operate the product storage system.
• Identify the basic components of the distillation system.
• Describe and control the various process variables in the distillation system.
• Describe and operate the overhead and bottom systems on the distillation column.
• Use an operating procedure to start up and shut down the distillation process.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Describe the significance of the operations class.
2. Compare theory related topics with the hands-on topics covered in the unit operations
class.
3. Describe the feed and preheat systems.
4. Identify the major equipment found in the distillation system.
5. What is the primary difference between a trainer and a trainee?
6. Describe the term bench-top operations.
7. Explain the key elements covered on the assessment exam.
8. Explain the importance of operating procedures.
9. Describe the elements of the walk-through qualification.
10. Describe the importance of control instrumentation in the pilot plant process.
CHAPTER 12 TEST
OPERATIONS
1. The traits required to work in a self directed work team include all of the following
except:
a. participation in group activities
b. hands-on skills and mechanical aptitude
c. backing away from operating the unit
d ability to operate the processes
2. _______________ _____________ are defined as interpersonal skills, interviewing,
communications, listening skills, working in self directed work teams, diversity skills and
applying process technical skills learned in college training programs.
a. technical skills
b. quality circles
c. planned experimentation
d. team skills
3. The feed system is composed of all the following except:
a. heat exchanger
b. feed tank
c. pumps & instruments
d. valves & piping
4. The central feature(s) in the preheat system is:
a. TIC 101
b. EX-100
c. Hot oil system
d. All the above
5. Feed rate to C-202 is set at:
a. 100 GPH
b. 200 GPH
c. 200 GPM
d. 250 GPM
6. List the two scientific principles that must be balanced on a distillation system.
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
7. The primary purpose of the reboiler is:
a. Boil steam
b. Maintain energy balance on the column
c. Remove lighter fractions from heavy bottom product
d. B & C
8. The part of the distillation column located below the feed line is called:
a. Stripping
b. Rectifying
c. Enriching
d. Reflux
9. The part of the distillation column located above the feed line is called:
a. Stripping
b. Rectifying
c. Enriching
d. Reflux
e. B & C
10. Each tray in the column forms a:
a. poor vapor seal for enhanced liquid contact
b. good liquid seal for good vapor liquid contact
c. vapor barrier
d. liquid barrier
11. In this example the feed composition is:
a. 30/70 Butane Pentane
b. 40/60 Butane Pentane
c. 30/70 Pentane Butane
d. 40/60 Pentane Butane
12. In this example the Overhead composition is:
a. 1.5% Butane, 98.5% Pentane
b. 92% Butane, 8% Pentane
c. 98.5% Butane, 1.5% Pentane
d. 8% Butane, 92% Pentane
13. In this example the Bottom composition is:
a. 1.5% Butane, 98.5% Pentane
b. 92% Butane, 8% Pentane
c. 98.5% Butane, 1.5% Pentane
d. 8% Butane, 92% Pentane
14. How many trays are located in the distillation column?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
15. Tank levels are carefully controlled at?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. Full
16. Overhead flow rate to the tank farm is typically:
a. 45 GPM
b. 55 GPM
c. 65 GPM
d. 75 GPM
17. Bottom flow rate to the tank farm is typically:
a. 200 GPM
b. 250 GPM
c. 140 GPH
d. 135 GPM
18. Cooling water flow rate to the overhead condenser is typically:
a. 400 GPM
b. 300 GPM
c. 200 GPM
d. 100 GPM
19. The Bottom #1 tray has an operating temperature of:
a. 300º F
b. 250º F
c. 220º F
d. 175º F
20. The Top #8 tray has an operating temperature of:
a. 160º F
b. 170º F
c. 180º F
d. 190º F
21. The reflux flow rate is set at:
a. 90 GPM
b. 110 GPM
c. 130 GPM
d. 175 GPM
22. The primary purpose(s) of reflux is:
a. control product purity
b. help control temperature
c. control level in the accumulator
d. a & b
23. List five variables controlled in a distillation system:
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. _____________________________
e. _____________________________
24. Bench-Top operations is most accurately described as:
a. Chemist theory applied to paper.
b. Miniaturized unit that can fit on a laboratory bench-top.
c. Process work performed on an incline.
d. Pilot plant operations
25. Distillation is defined as:
26. The operating pressure on C-202 is set at:
a. Atmospheric
b. 50 psig
c. 75 psig
d. 100 psig
27. Sketch the Feed system.
28. Sketch the Preheat system.
29. Sketch the Overhead system.
30. Sketch the Bottom system.
ANSWER KEY CHAPTER 12 OPERATIONS
CHAPTER 12:
PHYSICS
OBJECTIVES
• Define key terms used in process physics.
• Describe the fundamental concepts of physics.
• Contrast and compare density and specific gravity.
• Describe the principle of pressure in fluids.
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is the volume of a rectangular object 4 ft long, 3 ft wide and 10 ft high?
2. What is the volume of a cylinder that has a 15 ft diameter and stands 22 ft tall?
3. Find the density of hydrogen gas : Forty liters of the gas weighs 3.3 g.
4. Find the volume of a metal object with a density of 4.6 g per cubic centimeter and a
weight of 4,280 grams.
5. What is the density of a cube of iron, 25 cm on an edge, that weighs 16.5 kg?
6. How many liters of alcohol will weigh 80 kg? Density of alcohol = 0.8 g/cm3
7. A beam of cedar wood 43 ft long, 3 ft wide, and six inch thick weighs 350 lb. Calculate
its density.
8. A cylinder 6 cm in diameter and 30 cm long is made of brass. (Density = 8.5 g/cm3)
Calculate its weight.
9. What will be the weight of a rectangular steel bar 10 ft long, 2 ft wide, 2 inches thick?
(Density of steel = 461 lb/ft3)
10. Calculate the pressure produced by a 3500 pound stone block, 60 ” length X 20″ width X
72″ height.
11. Calculate the pressure produced by a 956 pound granite block, 110″ length X 15″ width
X 72″ height.
12. Calculate the pressure produced by a 22 foot onion tank, filled with a hydrocarbon fluid.
(.72 s.g.) . Vapor pressure 430. Add 55 psi N2 to total. What is the final pressure?
13. Calculate the pressure produced by water in a 19.5 ft high vessel.
14. Contrast density and specific gravity.
DETERMINING SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Specific weight is determined by comparing the weight of a volume of material with the
weight of the same volume of water. There are two methods for determining specific
weight.
DENSITY
Industry uses four different ways to express a fluids heaviness:
15. Calculate the pressure exerted on the bottom of a 79 foot distillation column by a ten foot
hydrocarbon level. Specific gravity is .67. Vapor pressure at 240 F is 236. 100 psi is
added to the column giving a top gauge reading of ______ psi and a bottom gauge
reading of _____ psi?
16. What pressure, in pounds per square inch, is a scuba diver subjected to when descending
to an ocean depth of 105 ft?
17. A chunk of rock weighs 1000 g in air and 350 g in water. What is its specific weight?
18. Calculate how much work is done when a force of fifty pounds is applied to push a
wagon twenty feet. To solve this problem, multiply the applied force (50 lb) by the
distance through which the force acts (20 ft.).
19. Calculate the amount of work accomplished by a two foot table holding up a 2-lb book.
20. Calculate the amount of work accomplished when a weight is lifted 140 ft by a force of
300 lbs.
21. A man weighing 150 lbs climbs a stair case 35ft in 15 seconds. Calculate how much
work was performed.
22. An 20 ft long inclined ramp extends from the ground to a height of 6 feet. A force of
190 lb is required to roll a 520 lb cart up the ramp.
23. A 1600-lb weight and a 400-lb weight rests 8 ft & 6 ft from the fulcrum. A 700-lb weight
rests on the opposite side. How many feet from the fulcrum will the weight need to be
placed to establish equilibrium?
24. What current in amps, will flow through a conductor with a resistance of 20 ohms if the
potential difference is 120 volts?
25. An electric motor on a centrifugal pump has a total resistance of 6 ohms. If the motor
uses 21 amps of current, what voltage does the motor need?