1) A complication of diabetes is blurry vision, which results from swelling of the lenses
of the eye caused by conversion of excess glucose to
a. sugar alcohols.
b. glycated fructose.
c. long-chain ketones.
d. glycated corneal membranes.
e. glycoproteins.
2) Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process?
a.Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal.
b.Light energy strikes the cornea and excites pigments to release retinoic acid.
c.Visual pigments deep in the brain are excited by light transmitted through the retina.
d.Epithelial cells on the surface of the eye respond to light energy by transmitting opsin
molecules along nerve pathways to the brain.
e.Retinal in the visual cortex responds to electrical signals from the retina.
3) What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?
a. Pepsinogen
b. Gastric mucosa
c. Upper esophageal sphincter
d. Lower esophageal sphincter
e. Duodenum
4) In pregnant women unable to meet their calcium needs, a daily supplement providing
how many mg of calcium is advised?
a. 150
b. 300
c. 600
d. 1000
e. 1200
5) Which measure is anthropometric?
a.body weight
b.blood pressure
c.blood iron level
d.food intake information
e.serum electrolytes
6) Which of the following describes the structure of an antibody?
a. Tripeptide
b. Small nucleic acid
c. Huge protein molecule
d. Large peptide molecule
e. Location of carbons
7) Which of the following is a feature of osteocalcin?
a.It activates lysosomes involved in remodeling bone.
b.It binds calcium in the GI tract to enhance absorption.
c.It requires vitamin K to bind to bone-forming minerals.
d.It works synergistically with the kidneys to reduce urinary calcium excretion.
e.It binds to vitamin K and is excreted in feces.
8) Compared with cow’s milk, breast milk contains
a. less protein and calcium.
b. less lactose and vitamin C.
c. more fat and less carbohydrate.
d. more energy and less vitamin E.
e. more vitamin D.
9) What is the major intracellular cation?
a. Sodium
b. Calcium
c. Phosphate
d. Potassium
e. Sulphate
10) Longevity is defined as
a. long duration of life.
b. a person’s age in years from date of birth.
c. maximum number of years of life attainable by a species.
d. average number of years lived by people in a given society.
e. the years of life left for someone who has attained a given age.
11) Which of the following is a characteristic of fat in the diet of children?
a. The recommended daily fat intake up to age 12 is age plus 20 g.
b. There is an RDA for total fat for children beginning at 3 years of age.
c. Low-fat diets usually provide sufficient amounts of the micronutrients.
d. Fat intakes below 30% of total energy do not impair growth provided that total
energy intake is adequate.
e. Children between 4 and 18 years of age should get at least 50% of their energy from
fat.
12) What is a common method used to assess body fat?
a.Impedence densitometry
b.Radioactive sodium count
c.Bioelectric absorptiometry
d.Air displacement plethysmography
e.DXA scan
13) When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue
and a burning pain in the muscles, the response of the muscles is to synthesize more
____.
a. lactate
b. glucose
c. citric acid
d. fatty acids
e. galactate
14) Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during
processing of food?
a.Biotin
b.Niacin
c.Vitamin B12
d.Pantothenic acid
e.Inositol
15) Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in
obesity?
a.The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively
constant.
b.The recognition that identical twins reared apart have body weights similar to their
biological parents.
c.The development of precise body composition methodologies that define adipose
storage sites based on gender.
d.The discovery of uncoupling proteins that explain the variations in energy metabolism
among lean and overweight people.
e.Adoption studies show that adopted individuals have body mass more similar to their
adoptive parents than their birth parents.
16) Which of the following is representative of folate availability in foods?
a.Good sources are dairy products and meats.
b.Poor sources are fruit juices and vegetable juices.
c.Much of the vitamin is lost due to heat and oxidation.
d.Only about 10% of the amount in foods is bioavailable.
e.Legumes, nuts, and seeds have very little folate.
17) Milk and milk products provide much of the ____ in people’s diets.
a.Thiamin
b.Vitamin A
c.Riboflavin
d.Vitamin B12
e.Vitamin C
18) Describe the condition known as preeclampsia. What are its risk factors and what is
known about its prevention?
19)
1)The body’s ability to deal with stress
2)The capacity of the joints to move with less chance of injury
3)Increase in muscle size and strength
4)A precursor in the formation of a high-energy compound in muscle cells
5)Required for aerobic metabolism
6)A chief substance of the Cori cycle that is released by muscles
7)Depletion of this substance leads runners to experience “hitting the wall”
8)Recommended amount of carbohydrate as percentage of total energy intake of
endurance athletes
9)Substance in muscle that serves as a source of energy and water
10)Maximum number of minutes that high intensity activity can be supported by the
aerobic system
11)The U.S. average protein intake for males in grams
12)Transient condition of low blood hemoglobin in athletes
13)Early symptoms of this disorder include nausea and stumbling
14)Number of kcalories expended from evaporation of one liter of sweat
15)Early symptoms of this disorder include shivering and feeling cold
16)The replacement of fluids during physical activities
17)Recommended amount of water intake, in cups, for each pound of body weight lost
from physical activity
18)Stimulant used to enhance performance during exercise
19)Depressant that promotes fluid losses
20)Recommended carbohydrate intake, in g/kg body weight, of athletes in heavy
training
20) ____________________ is found not only in bones and teeth, but also in all body
cells as part of a major buffer system, and is found in almost all foods, making
deficiency rare.
21) Discuss the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cataracts and
macular degeneration.
22) Define calcium rigor and calcium tetany. What role does dietary intake of calcium
play in these disorders?
23) Discuss the effects of tobacco use in the pregnant woman and its effects on health
of the newborn.
24) When iron concentrations become abnormally high, the liver produces a storage
protein called ____________________ .
25) Which product label always denotes a whole-grain product?
a
b.multi-grain
100% wheat
c.whole-wheat
d.stone-ground
e.high fiber