1) Discuss several examples of naturally occurring toxicants in foods and appropriate
methods to minimize exposure to them.
2) Of the following, which is used most widely as an antimicrobial agent?
a. Sugar
b. Saccharin
c. Sodium nitrite
d. Sodium propionate
e. Alcohol
3) What is the most likely explanation for the body’s higher metabolic efficiency of
converting a molecule of corn oil into stored fat compared with a molecule of sucrose?
a. The enzymes specific for metabolizing absorbed fat have been found to have higher
activities than those metabolizing sucrose.
b. The absorbed corn oil is transported to fat cells at a faster rate than the absorbed
sucrose, thereby favoring the uptake of corn oil fat.
c. There are fewer metabolic reactions for disassembling the corn oil and re-assembling
the parts into a triglyceride for uptake by the fat cells.
d. Because corn oil has a greater energy content than sucrose, conversion of these
nutrients into stored fat requires a smaller percentage of the energy from the corn oil.
e. The metabolic reactions for disassembling the corn oil and re-assembling the parts
into a triglyceride for uptake by the fat cells require less energy themselves.
4) Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral,
symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
a.Niacin
b.Choline
c.Inositol
d.Riboflavin
e.Vitamin C
5) About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an
omnivorous diet?
a. One-tenth as much
b. One-half as much
c. The same
d. Twice as much
e. Three times as much
6) What is a feature of the protein RDA?
a. The recommendations are generous.
b. The recommendations are highest proportionately for adult males.
c. The recommendations are established at 8 grams per kilogram of ideal body weight.
d. The recommendations assume that dietary protein is from animal sources only.
e. The recommendations fail to consider the need to replace damaged tissues.
7) What are the substances resistin and adiponectin?
a. Glycolipids that regulate synthesis of lipoproteins
b. Intestinal cell hormones that regulate secretion of bile
c. Intestinal cell hormones that trigger secretion of pancreatic juice
d. Proteins secreted from fat cells that help regulate energy balance
e. Substances that dampen inflammation and decrease insulin resistance
8) Which of the following is a feature of water and nutrition?
a. Water intoxication is rare but can result in death
b. Water losses from the body are highest through the feces
c. Chronic high intakes increase the risk for bladder cancer
d. Soft water has significant concentrations of magnesium
e. Hard water contributes substantial potassium
9) What term describes the increase in energy expenditure that occurs in a person who
fractures a leg?
a.Febrile hyperthermia
b.Physical hyperthermia
c.Specific thermogenesis
d.Adaptive thermogenesis
e.Stress hyperthermia
10) Of the following, which is among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an
underweight person?
a.Behavior modification training
b.Punishment of any weight losses
c.Forced awakening during the night for supplemental meals and snacks
d.Tube feeding during the night
e.Increased alcohol consumption
11) Which nutrient is most associated with increased production of intestinal gas?
a. Iron
b. Fats
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
e. Fat-soluble vitamins
12) What is a possible metabolic reaction in the cell?
a. Pyruvate to urea
b. Lactate to pyruvate
c. Acetyl CoA to pyruvate
d. Carbon dioxide to glycerol
e. Fatty acids to glucose
13) Which of the following is a characteristic of the metabolism of specific
macronutrients?
a. The rate of fat oxidation does not change when fat is eaten in excess.
b. The rate of protein oxidation does not change when protein is eaten in excess.
c. The rate of glucose oxidation does not change when carbohydrate is eaten in excess.
d. The conversion of dietary glucose to fat is the major pathway of carbohydrate
utilization.
e. The conversion of protein to muscle is hastened when protein intake exceeds protein
requirements.
14) Excessive consumption of soft drinks, orange juice, and sports drinks increases risk
for development of caries because they contain sugar and ____.
a. a low pH
b. organic bases
c. resistant starch
d. insufficient fluoride
e. excess calcium
15) What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body
protein from excessive breakdown?
a. 10-25 g
b. 50-100 g
c. 100-150 g
d. 150-200 g
e. 200-250 g
16) A person is at high risk for signs of illness and diminished work capacity when the
BMI first drops below ____.
a.12
b.14
c.17
d.18.5
e.20
17) By 2030, what proportion of the U.S. population is expected to be 65 years of age
or older?
a. 1 in 7
b. 1 in 6
c. 1 in 5
d. 1 in 4
e. 1 in 3
18) A food that provides 100 mg of magnesium and 25 kcal in a serving has a
magnesium density (mg per kcal) of ____.
a.0.25
b.0.4
c.2.5
d.4
e.25
19) What is a limiting amino acid? What are the four amino acids most likely to be
limiting in protein nutrition?
20) Organization that is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet
minimum health standards
21) Explain the functions of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D in the
regulation of calcium metabolism.
22) What are the features of the DASH eating plan, and why is it thought to be effective
in the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure?
23) Compare and contrast the two major types of diabetes and the recommended
nutrition therapy for each.
24) Foods associated with a particular culture are called ____________________ foods.
25) Severe malnutrition characterized by poor growth, dramatic weight loss, loss of
body fat and muscle, and apathy is called ____________________.
26) List five guidelines each for identifying a fad diet.