75) Which of the following allows an employer to claim that an employment practice is a bona
fide occupational qualification for performing the job?
A) 1972 Equal Opportunity Act
B) Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
C) Executive Orders 11246 and 11375
D) Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
76) In which of the following jobs would it most likely be appropriate to use gender as a BFOQ?
A) actor in a toothpaste commercial
B) teacher at a private, all-girls school
C) prison guard at a federal penitentiary
D) firefighter in a metropolitan fire department
77) Pictures and Promotions Modeling Studio seeks to hire male models for an upcoming fashion
show featuring men’s wear. The studio is using ________ as a justification for not considering
women for the jobs.
A) BFOQ
B) ADEA
C) EEOC
D) ERISA
78) The defense of ________ requires showing that there is an overriding business purpose for
the discriminatory practice and that the practice is therefore acceptable.
A) prima facie
B) mixed motive
C) adverse impact
D) business necessity
79) The application requirements for Western Airlines pilot positions require candidates to have
logged at least 200 hours piloting an aircraft within the previous 36 months. In addition,
applicants must have 2,500 hours of experience in the air with at least 1,000 hours as the
commanding pilot of a commercial airplane. A four-year college degree is also required. Jeff
Sanchez, who is Hispanic, applied for a position as a pilot and was rejected because he has a
degree from a two-year college and only 2,000 hours of flight experience. Jeff is suing Western
Airlines for discriminatory hiring practices.
Which of the following, if TRUE, best supports Western Airlines’ defense?
A) The total number of hours spent flying a commercial airline is a valid predictor of
performance for most Western Airlines pilots.
B) Recent experiences with college recruiting have led Western Airlines to increase the
percentage of its minority pilots.
C) Job capability as a Western Airlines pilot depends most heavily on age, gender, and previous
job experiences.
D) Western Airlines bases its selection tests and hiring practices on industry guidelines for
commercial pilots.
80) The application requirements for Western Airlines pilot positions require candidates to have
logged at least 200 hours piloting an aircraft within the previous 36 months. In addition,
applicants must have 2,500 hours of experience in the air with at least 1,000 hours as the
commanding pilot of a commercial airplane. A 4-year college degree is also required. Jeff
Sanchez, who is Hispanic, applied for a position as a pilot and was rejected because he has a
degree from a 2-year college and only 2,000 hours of flight experience. Jeff is suing Western
Airlines for discriminatory hiring practices.
Which of the following statements is most likely relevant to this court case against Western
Airlines?
A) Most pilots at Western Airlines belong to labor unions and are involved in collective
bargaining arrangements detrimental to the industry.
B) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prevents firms, such as Western Airlines, from
discriminating when age is a BFOQ.
C) The job requirements for pilots at Western Airlines are a business necessity due to the human
risks associated with hiring unqualified applicants.
D) Western Airlines has been in operation for over 20 years and has never been sued for EEO
violations.
81) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits the use of age as a BFOQ for any type
of employment.
82) Under no circumstances may religion be used as a bona fide occupational qualification
(BFOQ).
83) What is a BFOQ? How do BFOQs affect recruitment practices?
84) Which of the following is most likely NOT a discriminatory recruitment practice?
A) spreading information about job openings through word-of-mouth among a firm’s
predominantly Hispanic workforce
B) providing misleading information to Asian and Indian job applicants
C) refusing to advise older applicants about work opportunities
D) posting job advertisements only in local newspapers
85) Which of the following is most likely an example of a discriminatory selection standard?
A) requiring an engineer applicant to meet specific height standards
B) collecting work history information from a managerial applicant
C) requiring a school teacher applicant to have a four-year college degree
D) measuring the computer language skills of a software designer applicant
86) According to federal laws, asking job candidates about their marital status is not illegal;
however, a firm needs to be able to defend the practice as a BFOQ to avoid raising
discrimination issues.
87) Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, a discrimination claim must be filed within ________
after the alleged incident took place.
A) 60 days
B) 1 year
C) 300 days
D) 3 years
88) After a discrimination charge has been filed, the EEOC has ________ days to serve an
employer with notice of the charge.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60
89) Which of the following is obtained by employers to protect against the costs of
discrimination claims?
A) disability insurance
B) worker’s compensation insurance
C) employment arbitration insurance
D) employment practices liability insurance
90) According to the EEOC process, which of the following is NOT an option for an employer
faced with an offer to mediate an employment discrimination charge?
A) file a lawsuit against the EEOC in state court
B) make a settlement offer without mediation
C) prepare a position statement for the EEOC
D) agree to mediate the charge
91) According to the U.S. Supreme Court, employers can require employment discrimination
plaintiffs to arbitrate their claims when the employer ________.
A) conducts an impartial investigation of the claim
B) provides all employment files to the EEOC
C) adheres to the ethical standards of Sarbanes-Oxley
D) institutes an alternative dispute resolution program
92) What is voluntary mediation?________.
A) a process that provides investigators with access to the records of all employees at the firm
B) a process that provides a position statement because of the potential for misuse
C) an informal process in which a third party assists the opposing parties
D) a process that conducts a private investigation because of the conflict of interest
93) According to the EEOC, the first step an employer should take in establishing an affirmative
action program is to survey current minority and female employees to assess their goals for a
program.
94) According to the Civil Rights Act of 1991, an employment discrimination claim must be
filed within 60 days after the alleged incident occurred, or a claim cannot be filed.
95) Which of the following terms refers to the tendency to view members of other social groups
less favorably than one’s own?
A) stereotyping
B) discrimination
C) tokenism
D) ethnocentrism
96) Which of the following refers to the variety of demographic features that characterize a
company’s workforce?
A) ethnocentricity
B) competency
C) diversity
D) mobility
97) What is the best way to evaluate a diversity management program?
A) Use attitude surveys to monitor employees’ attitudes towards diversity.
B) Encourage a grass-roots effort among employees
C) Change the corporate culture
D) Use benchmarking to see how other companies handle diversity.
98) Hayworth Hotels employs a small group of women and minorities in high-profile positions,
but few women and minorities hold significant positions in other areas of the firm. Which of the
following best describes the situation at Hayworth Hotels?
A) ethical hiring practices
B) tokenism
C) diversity management
D) ethnocentrism
99) All of the following are likely to increase employee support to an affirmative action program
EXCEPT ________.
A) transparent selection procedures
B) clear communication
C) effective tokenism
D) valid justifications
100) Which term refers to taking specific actions toward or against the person based on the
person’s group?
A) prejudice
B) collegiality
C) discrimination
D) stereotyping
101) Gender-role stereotyping is best defined as the tendency to ________.
A) associate women with certain jobs
B) appoint women to high-profile positions
C) build a workforce with primarily one gender
D) pay women and men differently for the same job
102) What is the primary goal of managing diversity in an organization?
A) promoting minorities to managerial positions
B) complying with federal and state employment regulations
C) helping employees adapt to individual cultural differences
D) ensuring that the workforce is adequately balanced
103) Which of the following is a characteristic of firms with exemplary reputations for managing
diversity?
A) female CEOs
B) global workers
C) top management support
D) career development programs
104) All of the following are used by firms to measure and manage diversity EXCEPT
________.
A) focus groups
B) ADR programs
C) hiring and retention metrics
D) employee attitude surveys
105) Reverse discrimination refers to discriminating against ________ applicants and
employees.
A) minority
B) underqualified
C) nonminority
D) disabled