1.
(p. 235) Motivation is the internal process leading to behavior to satisfy needs.
2.
(p. 235) Motivated employees generally have higher levels of performance.
3.
(p. 235) Motivation = Ability × Performance × Resources.
4.
(p. 236) The manifest needs theory is Maslow’s theory of motivation, which is based on five needs.
5.
(p. 237) One of the assumptions of the needs hierarchy theory is that people’s needs are arranged in order of
importance, going from basic needs to more complex needs.
6.
(p. 237) One of the assumptions of the needs hierarchy theory is that people will be motivated to satisfy a
higher-level need and a lower-level need simultaneously.
7.
(p. 237) According to the needs hierarchy theory, self-actualization is the most powerful need.
8.
(p. 238) Clayton Alderfer reorganized Maslow’s needs hierarchy into three levels of needs: existence,
relatedness, and growth.
9.
(p. 239) To motivate, Herzberg says that you must first ensure that hygiene factors are adequate.
10.
(p. 240) The needs hierarchy theory of motivation is primarily McClelland’s classification of needs as
achievement, power, and affiliation.
11.
(p. 242) The expectancy theory, which is Vroom’s formula, states that Performance = Expectancy × Valence.
12.
(p. 243) The equity theory is primarily Adams’s motivation theory, which is based on the comparison of
perceived inputs and outputs.
13.
(p. 245) Extinction is used to provide an undesirable consequence for undesirable behavior.
14.
(p. 247) Praise is a motivator (not a hygiene) because it meets employees’ needs for esteem/self-actualization,
growth, and achievement.
15.
(p. 248) Objectives state how a task will be accomplished.
16.
(p. 250) A management by objectives (MBO) program is a motivator, not a hygiene.
17.
(p. 250) Job design is the process of eliminating, combining, and/or changing the work sequence to increase
performance.
18.
(p. 253) Countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and Finland prefer quality of life
(relationships) over quantity of life (possessions).
19.
(p. 253) Although cultural differences suggest that the order of hierarchy may vary across cultures, cultures do
not differ in the extent to which they value need for achievement.
20.
(p. 254) Goal setting is less motivational to cultures in which achievement is not important and quality of life is
important, such as Portugal and Chile.
21.
(p. 235) _____ is the internal process leading to behavior to satisfy needs.
22.
(p. 235) According to the performance formula, Performance = _____ × Motivation × Resources.
23.
(p. 235-236) “Although I put in more hours of work than Joseph, I can never do as well as him.” Which of
the following factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in this statement?
24.
(p. 235-236) “Although Norman is capable of doing very well, he doesn’t seem to focus on his work.”
Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for Norman’s low performance?
25.
(p. 235-236) “The delay in the procurement and installation of the new server has stalled our progress.”
Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in this situation?
26.
(p. 235-236) “Dennis is trained and has all the means to complete the project, yet he seems distracted.”
Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for his low performance?
27.
(p. 235-236) “The bakery round the corner is very good. Unfortunately, the owners cannot expand as they
are unable to get more financing.” Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for low
performance in this situation?
28.
(p. 235-236) “I could get a better performance review if I worked harder, but it is not worth the effort.”
Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in this situation?
29.
(p. 235-236) “I specialize in marketing and will not be able to work on this project as it is related to
software programming.” Which of the following factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in
this situation?
30.
(p. 235-236) “If I had that machine, I could have been just as fast as Chris is.” Which of the following
factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in this situation?
31.
(p. 235-236) “We would be able to get more done if the computer was working.” Which of the following
factors has been indicated as the reason for low performance in this situation?
32.
(p. 236) The _____ motivation theories focus on identifying people’s needs in order to understand what
motivates them.
33.
(p. 236-237) Which of the following is an assumption of Maslow’s theory of motivation?
34.
(p. 237) According to Maslow’s theory of motivation, _____ are the highest-level needs.
35.
(p. 237) According to Maslow’s theory of motivation, _____ needs are the primary or basic needs.
36.
(p. 237) “Our company provides good salary packages and congenial working conditions.” Which of the
following needs of Maslow’s needs hierarchy does this statement reflect?
37.
(p. 238) In the _____, Clayton Alderfer reorganizes Maslow’s needs hierarchy into three levels of needs:
physiological and safety needs, social needs, and esteem and self-actualization needs.
38.
(p. 238) Which of the following is the major recommendation of the ERG theory?
39.
(p. 237) “I ensure that Wilma is given work that challenges her intellect and gives her a sense of achievement
on completion.” Which of the following theories is represented by this statement?
40.
(p. 239) According to Herzberg, _____ are also called extrinsic factors.
41.
(p. 239) According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivator?
42.
(p. 239) Which of the following is Herzberg’s contention in his two-factor theory?
43.
(p. 239) Isaac, a pizza delivery boy, travels almost five hours every day. The motorbike he drives is unsafe
because it is rickety and old. Ideally, Isaac should be given a new motorbike. Under which of the following
factors can Isaac’s need be classified?
44.
(p. 239) Tim wants to become a manager in two years and is focusing on his work while developing his skills.
Which of the following is a motivator for Tim?
45.
(p. 240) The _____ of motivation is primarily McClelland’s classification of needs as achievement, power, and
affiliation.
46.
(p. 240) Which of the following theorists believed that needs are based on personality and are developed as
people interact with the environment?
47.
(p. 241) People with a high need for achievement tend to be characterized as:
48.
(p. 241) People with a high need for power tend to be characterized as:
49.
(p. 241) People with a high need for affiliation tend to be characterized as:
50.
(p. 241) Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to motivate employees with a high need for
achievement?
51.
(p. 241-242) Joe, an employee at Projection Inc., seeks close relationships with others. He also enjoys lots
of social activities. Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to motivate Joe?
52.
(p. 242) Which of the following statements is true about process motivation theories?
53.
(p. 242) The _____ theory, which is Vroom’s formula, states that Motivation = Expectancy × Valence.
54.
(p. 242) The expectancy theory states that Motivation = Expectancy × _____.
55.
(p. 242) Under Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory, motivation depends on:
56.
(p. 242) In Vroom’s formula, _____ refers to a person’s perception of his or her ability (probability) to
accomplish an objective.
57.
(p. 243) _____ refers to the perception of the relationship between performance and the outcome or reward.
58.
(p. 244) Which of the following scenarios illustrates a recommendation made by the equity theory?
59.
(p. 244) _____ theory focuses on getting people to do what you want them to do.
60.
(p. 244) _____ states that behavior can be controlled through the use of positive or negative consequences.