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26. The contrast error occurs when a rater scores an employee high on all job criteria because of
performance in one area.
27. The halo effect is the tendency to rate people relative to one another rather than against performance
standards.
28. A major concern for managers in performance management is how to emphasize the positive aspects
of the employee’s performance while still discussing ways to make needed improvements.
SHORT ANSWER
1. Define performance management. What should a performance management system do?
2. Describe the entitlement approach and the performance-driven approach.
3. What are the common employee performance measures?
4. Define performance standards.
6. Discuss the administrative and developmental uses of performance appraisals.
7. Discuss supervisory rating of subordinates.
8. What is multisource rating?
9. Define behaviorally anchored rating scales.
10. Describe the features required in an effective performance management system.
ESSAY
1. Describe performance-focused organizational cultures.
2. Describe the different types of performance information.
3. Describe the administrative uses of performance appraisals.
4. Describe the developmental uses of performance appraisals.
5. Describe supervisory rating of subordinates, employee rating of managers, team/peer rating, self-
rating, and outsider rating.
6. Describe Multisource/360-degree rating.
7. Describe graphic rating scale.
8. Discuss management by objectives.
9. Describe the different types of rater errors.
10. Describe appraisal feedback.
