84) Describe the typical characteristics associated with a proactive personality.
85) Explain characteristics of a proactive personality who is of the investigative type according
to Holland’s typology.
86) Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or
end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct”?
A) values
B) attitudes
C) emotions
D) feelings
E) traditions
87) When we rank an individual’s values in order of their ________, we obtain the person’s value
system.
A) intensity
B) content
C) context
D) fluidity
E) flexibility
88) Which of the following is true regarding values?
A) They are void of a judgmental element.
B) They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature.
C) They have content and intensity attributes.
D) They never change irrespective of external factors.
E) They are always established in a person’s later years.
89) Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), which consists of two sets of
values, namely ________ values and ________ values.
A) instrumental; terminal
B) fluid; stable
C) flexible; essential
D) unique; general
E) flexible; enduring
90) According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.
A) essential
B) instrumental
C) critical
D) flexible
E) terminal
91) According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of
behavior.
A) terminal
B) critical
C) instrumental
D) essential
E) flexible
92) Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach Value Survey?
A) personal discipline
B) self-reliance
C) goal-orientation
D) social recognition
E) self-improvement
93) Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach Value Survey?
A) economic success
B) social recognition
C) personal discipline
D) world peace
E) meaning in life
94) Values contain a judgmental element in which they carry an individual’s ideas as to what is
right, good, or desirable.
95) An individual’s value system is obtained by ranking the person’s values in terms of their
intensity.
96) Discuss with examples terminal values and instrumental values as identified by the Rokeach
Value Survey.
97) Which of the following is true regarding the baby boomer generation?
A) They lead lives shaped mainly by globalization.
B) They are more questioning and entrepreneurial than other generations.
C) They give high importance to achievement and material success.
D) They give the highest importance to flexibility and life options.
E) They rate highest in friendship and pleasure on the RVS.
98) John Holland’s personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the
following is one of these six types?
A) analytic
B) imaginative
C) practical
D) investigative
E) intuitive
99) With reference to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic
type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________.
A) economist
B) teacher
C) mechanic
D) lawyer
E) biologist
100) Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in
underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in
Namibia and prepare them for jobs which will enable them to sustain themselves. According to
Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types
will best suit Help Aid’s requirement?
A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) artistic
E) social
101) With reference to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the
________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and
attain powers.
A) realistic
B) conventional
C) artistic
D) enterprising
E) investigative
102) With reference to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the
investigating type prefer ________.
A) activities that involve helping and developing others
B) activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
C) physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination
D) ambiguous and imaginative activities that allow creative expression
E) activities in which there are opportunities to influence others
103) Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.
104) Managers today are less interested in an applicant’s ability to perform a specific job than
with his or her flexibility to meet changing situations and commitment to the organization.
105) Millennials have high expectations, seek meaning in their work, and have life goals oriented
toward becoming rich and famous.
106) According to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, individuals belonging to the realistic
type are disorderly, impractical, and emotional.
107) According to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, individuals belonging to the
conventional type prefer ambiguous activities that allow creative expression.
108) Discuss John Holland’s personality-job fit theory.
109) With reference to the Hofstede’s framework, a class or caste system that discourages
upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________.
A) high on individualism
B) low on masculinity
C) high on power distance
D) low on uncertainty avoidance
E) high on long-term orientation
110) Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker
dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided
to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing
and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when
asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to
determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction. Which of the following, if true, best explains
this situation?
A) A small portion of the workers at the facility belong to the baby boomers generation.
B) There is an unequal distribution of power in the company.
C) The employees are genuinely concerned about improving their lot.
D) Alex was sent to Beijing as he was one of the few employees who were conversant in the
local language.
E) On previous occasions, the company has yielded to employee demands.
111) With reference to the Hofstede’s Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes
a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look
after them and protect them.
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) long-term orientation
C) masculinity
D) collectivism
E) power distance
112) According to Hofstede’s framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a
country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) individualism
113) According to Hofstede’s framework, individualism describes the degree to which people in
a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
114) According to Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture, people in a culture with
long-term orientation look to the future and value thrift, persistence, and tradition.
115) All dimensions of fit (person-job fit and person-organization fit) are sometimes broadly
referred to as person-environment fit. Explain.
116) Describe the five value dimensions of national culture as identified by the Hofstede’s
framework for assessing cultures.