a.
pay, promotion, pension, purpose, and perks.
b.
achievement, recognition, growth, responsibility, and performance of the whole job.
c.
safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization.
d.
skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.
39. ____ is the process of adding a greater variety of tasks to a job.
a.
Job enrichment
b.
Job enlargement
c.
Job rotation
d.
Workplace expansion
40. According to the work of Herzberg, managers can enrich the jobs of employees by:
a.
adding more responsibility to jobs.
b.
increasing fringe benefits.
c.
improving the quality of employee supervision.
d.
removing safety hazards.
41. According to the job characteristics model, what three psychological states of a jobholder result in
motivated, satisfied, and productive employees?
a.
meaningfulness of the work, task significance, and autonomy
b.
meaningfulness of work, responsibility for completion of a whole identifiable piece of
work, and knowledge of work results
c.
meaningfulness of work, responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of work results
d.
meaningfulness of work, responsibility for outcomes, and fair compensation
42. Hackman and Oldman propose that the five characteristics in their job characteristics model lead to all
of the following except:
a.
work group synergy
b.
improved work performance
c.
internal motivation
d.
lower absenteeism and turnover
43. Skill variety refers to:
a.
the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, requiring the use of
different skills and talents.
b.
the degree to which the job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work with a
visible outcome.
c.
the degree to which the job has impact on the work of others.
d.
the degree to which the job provides independence and discretion to the individual in
scheduling the work and determining the procedures to use.
44. Task identity refers to:
a.
the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, requiring the use of
different skills and talents.
b.
the degree to which the job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work with a
visible outcome.
c.
the degree to which the job has impact on the work of others.
d.
the degree to which the job provides independence and discretion to the individual in
scheduling the work and determining the procedures to use.
45. Task significance refers to:
a.
the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, requiring the use of
different skills and talents.
b.
the degree to which the job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work with a
visible outcome.
c.
the degree to which the job has impact on the work of others.
d.
the degree to which the job provides independence and discretion to the individual in
scheduling the work and determining the procedures to use.
46. Autonomy refers to:
a.
the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, requiring the use of
different skills and talents.
b.
the degree to which the job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work with a
visible outcome.
c.
the degree to which the job has impact on the work of others.
d.
the degree to which the job provides independence and discretion to the individual in
scheduling the work and determining the procedures to use.
47. Feedback refers to:
a.
the degree to which a job entails a variety of different activities, requiring the use of
different skills and talents.
b.
the degree to which the job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work with a
visible outcome.
c.
the degree to which an individual is given direct and clear information about the
effectiveness of his or her performance.
d.
the degree to which the job provides independence and discretion to the individual in
scheduling the work and determining the procedures to use.
48. ____ is a naturally occurring phenomenon whereby employees mold their tasks to fit their individual
strengths, passions, and motives better.
a.
Job development
b.
Dejobbing
c.
Employee engagement
d.
Job crafting
49. Employee empowerment is a technique of involving employees in their work through the process of:
a.
development.
b.
administration.
c.
combination.
d.
inclusion.
50. To achieve empowerment, organizations must encourage participation, innovation, access to
information, and ____.
a.
accountability
b.
feedback
c.
responsibility
d.
training
51. Analyzing the elements in a work cycle that make up a particular job activity and determining the time
required to complete each element is called:
a.
job analysis.
b.
industrial engineering.
c.
human engineering.
d.
job design.
52. ____ refers to a process of structuring organizations not around jobs but around projects that are
constantly changing.
a.
Employee engagement
b.
Dejobbing
c.
Job crafting
d.
Ergonomics
53. ____ refers to a situation in which workers are enthusiastic and immersed in their work to the degree
that it improves the performance of their companies.
a.
Dejobbing
b.
Job crafting
c.
Employee engagement
d.
Autonomy
54. ____ occurs when the interaction and outcome of team members is greater than the sum of their
individual efforts.
a.
Autonomy
b.
Teamwork
c.
Ergonomics
d.
Synergy
55. Which of the following is NOT a synergistic team characteristic?
a.
Support
b.
Consensus
c.
Acceptance
d.
Agreement
56. _____ are groups of highly trained individuals performing a set of interdependent job tasks within a
natural work unit. The team members rely on consensus-type decision-making to perform their work
duties, solve problems, or deal with internal or external customers.
a.
Cross-functional teams
b.
Self-directed teams
c.
Project teams
d.
Task-force teams
57. Complete training for teams should cover each of the following skills, EXCEPT:
a.
Leadership
b.
Goal setting
c.
Conflict resolution
d.
Etiquette
58. The _____ has stringent rules requiring the payment of overtime to nonsupervisory employees who
work more than forty hours a week.
a.
Fair Labor Standards Act
b.
Equal Pay Act
c.
Rehabilitation Act
d.
Taft-Hartley Act
59. A compressed work week provides all of the following, EXCEPT:
a.
Improved recruitment and retention of employees
b.
Better coordinated work and production schedules
c.
A reduction in job satisfaction and morale
d.
Greater accommodation for the employee in making personal appointments
60. Telecommuting is fairly common in:
a.
Ohio
b.
Texas
c.
California
d.
Maine
61. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of telecommuting?
a.
Reduced absenteeism
b.
Greater overhead costs
c.
Increased productivity
d.
A reduced “carbon footprint”
62. What occurs when the interaction and outcome of team members is greater than the sum of their
individual efforts?
a.
unanimity
b.
prioritizing options
c.
synergy
d.
ergonomics
63. Team synergy is heightened when team members engage in behaviors such as support, active listening,
consensus decision-making, and ____.
a.
unanimity
b.
prioritizing options
c.
regular meeting times
d.
disagreement
64. A group staffed with a mix of specialists based on assignment (non-voluntary) that is formed to
accomplish a specific objective is called a ____.
a.
self-directed team
b.
project team
c.
cross-functional team
d.
process-improvement team
65. A group of employees formed to design a new product or service is called a/an:
a.
self-directed team.
b.
project team.
c.
cross-functional team.
d.
employee rotation unit.
66. A group of employees formed by management to immediately resolve a major problem and develop a
long-term plan for problem resolution is called a/an:
a.
self-directed team.
b.
task force team.
c.
cross-functional team.
d.
employee rotation unit.
67. A group of experienced people from different departments appointed by management and charged
with improving productivity and decreasing waste in processes that affect all departments involved is
called a/an:
a.
self-directed team.
b.
process-improvement team.
c.
cross-functional team.
d.
employee rotation unit.
68. These teams use advanced computer and telecommunications technology to link team members who
are geographically dispersed:
a.
content teams
b.
“whole teams”
c.
advanced teams
d.
virtual teams
69. Work arrangement programs involving a work schedule that differs from normal workweek schedules
of 9 to 5, five days a week, include all of the following except:
a.
the compressed workweek.
b.
flextime.
c.
job sharing.
d.
job enrichment.
70. When an employee works eighty hours over nine days and takes one day off every other week, the
employee’s work schedule is known as:
a.
a compressed workweek.
b.
a shorter workweek.
c.
flextime.
d.
job compression.
71. Compressed workweeks are a problem because the Fair Labor Standards Act requires the payment of
overtime to regular employees who work more than:
a.
8 hours in a day
b.
40 hours in a week
c.
five days a week
d.
10 hours in a day
72. Reasons for implementation of compressed workweek schedules include all of the following except:
a.
coordinating production schedules.
b.
recruiting and retaining employees.
c.
avoiding paying overtime.
d.
balancing employee and organizational needs.
73. When an employee can adjust their daily starting and quitting times, provided that they work a certain
number of hours per day or week, their work schedule is known as:
a.
a compressed workweek.
b.
a shorter workweek.
c.
a flextime arrangement.
d.
an adaptable schedule.
74. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of flextime schedules?
a.
Flextime is difficult to implement in situations where workstations must be staffed at all
times.
b.
Flextime makes communication and control more difficult for supervisors.
c.
Flextime makes it difficult to recruit and retain personnel.
d.
Flextime leads to increased energy costs due to extended facility hours.
75. The advantages of flextime schedules include all of the following except:
a.
improved communication among employees and supervisors.
b.
recruiting and retaining employees.
c.
improving customer service.
d.
balancing employee and organizational needs.
76. Employers favor job sharing since it serves to:
a.
reduce labor costs.
b.
reduce turnover.
c.
reduce training costs.
d.
reduce employee appraisals.
77. Job sharing is suited to all of the following except:
a.
people who only wish to work part time
b.
spouses with families, who want to work part time
c.
people who need full time work to satisfy all of their obligations
d.
older workers who wish to phase into retirement
78. From the employer’s perspective, telecommuting is advantageous for all of the following reasons
except:
a.
increased worker productivity
b.
ability to attract other workers
c.
replacement of nontelecommuting employees
d.
retention of valued employees
79. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of telecommuting?
a.
The loss of creativity as employees are not interacting on a regular basis.
b.
Difficulties in developing appropriate performance standards and evaluation systems for
telecommuters.
c.
Formulating an appropriate technology strategy for allocating the necessary equipment.
d.
The reduction of costs associated with maintaining offices.
80. Virtual teams:
a.
have their problems as well as benefits.
b.
never caught on in Europe.
c.
seem to be without problems.
d.
began with the invention of color TV.
ESSAY
1. What is the role of job analysis in HRM, and how does it relate to other HRM functions?
2. Compare and contrast two approaches to job analysis: (1) the position analysis questionnaire (PAQ);
and (2) the critical incident technique (CIT).
3. Identify and explain the various sections of a job description.
4. Discuss the different forms of employee teams.
ANS:
5. Discuss the job characteristics that motivate employees.
6. Explain the characteristics of effective teams.
7. Suggest some proven strategies for securing different types of flexible work arrangements.
8. What are the pros and cons of telecommuting?