4-1
Chapter 04 Attitudes and Values in Human Relations
True / False Questions
1.
(p. 74)
Your attitudes toward people are the result of the beliefs and feelings you have about
yourself and about other people.
TRUE
2.
(p. 74)
Attitudes range along a scale from positive to negative, and changes very much over time.
FALSE
3.
(p. 74)
Happiness is directly proportional to a person’s age.
FALSE
4.
(p. 74)
Positive attitude is a position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion,
and personal control.
TRUE
5.
(p. 76)
Feeling hopeless leads to feeling helpless, which leads to giving up.
TRUE
6.
(p. 77)
People with personal control believe that they are responsible for their own situations and
life events.
TRUE
4-2
7.
(p. 77)
A person with a positive attitude is more likely to have an external locus of control than a
person with a negative attitude.
FALSE
8.
(p. 77)
Marion received poor grades in a recent examination. She believes that she was plain
unlucky. Marion is a person with an internal locus of control.
FALSE
9.
(p. 77)
When someone else controls your choices, either large or small, your happiness will
probably increase.
FALSE
10.
(p. 78)
When giving attitude-improving feedback, you should deal with opinions and judgments.
FALSE
11.
(p. 79)
The giver of feedback should try to strike a balance between negative and positive
feedback.
TRUE
12.
(p. 79)
Giving two negative messages for every positive one is the best way to improve a person’s
attitude.
FALSE
13.
(p. 79)
A person’s satisfaction with work is directly related to his or her attitude.
TRUE
4-3
14.
(p. 79)
When job satisfaction is very high, employees are less likely to be absent for unexcused
reasons.
TRUE
15.
(p. 79)
Good working conditions are sufficient to create high job satisfaction among employees.
FALSE
16.
(p. 80)
Organization citizenship behavior is an attitude in itself.
TRUE
17.
(p. 80)
Organization citizenship behavior is an attitude of willingness to go above and beyond the
behaviors that are generally associated with life in a workplace.
TRUE
18.
(p. 81)
Self-esteem is the worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life.
FALSE
19.
(p. 81)
Values exist not only within individuals, but in organizations as well.
TRUE
20.
(p. 81)
Conflicts between employees, as well as between managers and employees, can be based
on differences in values.
TRUE
21.
(p. 81)
When people refer to attitudes, they are referring to values.
FALSE
22.
(p. 81)
The place and time period of the first few years of most people’s lives have a great effect
on the formation of values.
TRUE
23.
(p. 81)
A corporate culture is a system of shared values throughout any given company or other
organization.
TRUE
24.
(p. 82)
According to the statistics expert Daniel Yankelovich’s study, the Americans now insist
much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal.
FALSE
25.
(p. 82)
The widespread use of the Internet has failed to make an impact on the traditional values.
FALSE
26.
(p. 84)
Instrumental values are more likely to maintain a high priority throughout your life as
compared to terminal values.
FALSE
27.
(p. 84)
Instrumental values help you reach your goals, while terminal values are those goals.
TRUE
28.
(p. 84)
Terminal values reflect the ways you prefer to behave.
FALSE
29.
(p. 84)
Values conflict commonly happens when one set of values clashes with another, and a
decision has to be made very quickly.
TRUE
30.
(p. 84)
Values conflicts often involve a clash between the individual and the group.
TRUE
31.
(p. 84)
In a group, if you are outnumbered greatly, changing the group values is possible but very
unlikely.
TRUE
32.
(p. 85)
Interpersonal and internal conflicts can result in cognitive dissonance.
TRUE
33.
(p. 85)
Cognitive dissonance is the emotional state that results from acting in ways that contradict
one’s beliefs or other actions.
TRUE
34.
(p. 87)
When people experience cognitive dissonance, they always move toward trying to make
actions consistent with values and beliefs.
FALSE
35.
(p. 87–
88)
When you are dealing with people from other cultures, you will tend to find differences in
their views of power and authority.
TRUE
Multiple Choice Questions
36.
(p. 74)
An attitude is best described as:
A.
a perception about one’s expectations and ambitions.
B.
an evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects.
C.
the ability to act and make decisions on one’s own without any undue interference.
D.
the quality of a person to persuade others to follow a particular set of values.
37.
(p. 74)
Which of the following is true about happiness?
A.
A person can choose to be happy by having a positive attitude.
B.
C.
Happiness is primarily based on traditional factors, such as occupation and wealth.
D.
An introvert is always happy with life.
38.
(p. 74)
Attitudes are primarily tied to a person’s:
A.
self-esteem.
B.
age.
C.
ideal self.
D.
wealth.
39.
(p. 74)
A healthy self-esteem is most likely to be accompanied by a(n):
A.
external locus of control.
B.
positive attitude.
C.
pessimistic attitude.
D.
conditional positive regard.
40.
(p. 74)
A positive attitude is best described as a(n):
A.
almost perfect mutual empathy that two people feel for each other.
B.
feeling of oneness with an activity that allows an individual to uniquely experience an
event or activity.
C.
position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal
control.
D.
pleasure in performing the process of an activity itself, rather than achieving the goal.
41.
(p. 74)
David Myers identified “positive attitude” as a:
A.
stage resulting from an internal locus of control and unconditional positive regard.
B.
stage resulting from an external locus of control and conditional positive regard.
C.
position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, introversion, and personal
control.
D.
position resulting from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and personal
control.
42.
(p. 76)
As compared to pessimists, optimists are more likely to:
A.
fall ill.
B.
deny the existence of problems in their lives.
C.
have a stronger external locus of control.
D.
be better at coping with their problems.
43.
(p. 76)
Which of the following is a characteristic that most happy people have in common?
A.
A challenging occupation
B.
A wealthy lifestyle
C.
A belief in destiny
D.
An outgoing personality
44.
(p. 76)
Jim is an introvert who takes a pessimistic view of life. Which of the following is most likely
to be true of Jim?
A.
He is better equipped to cope with problems as compared to optimists.
B.
His focus is likely to be on his negative feelings instead of on solving his problems.
C.
He is more likely to accept the existence of problems.
D.
His behavior is likely to be directed outward toward others.
45.
(p. 76)
Mark tends to deny that there are problems that he needs to rectify in his life. In difficult
situations, Mark focuses on his negative feelings instead of solving the problem at hand.
Which of the following is true of Mark?
A.
Mark is a pessimist.
B.
Mark is an extravert.
C.
Mark has an internal locus of control.
D.
Mark has Theory X assumptions.
46.
(p. 77)
Happy people can plan and manage their time well primarily because:
A.
they believe in luck, fate, or chance.
B.
they have a very positive looking-glass self.
C.
they have an internal locus of control.
D.
they derive their purpose from pleasing others.
47.
(p. 78)
According to David Myers, you can best achieve a positive attitude by:
A.
fulfilling expectations of people around you.
B.
acting happy and developing an internal locus of control.
C.
having at least one peak communication with someone everyday.
D.
being critical and establishing an external locus of control.
48.
(p. 78)
When giving attitude-improving feedback, you should:
A.
deal with opinions rather than facts.
B.
stress on the development of an external locus of control.
C.
deal with descriptions rather than judgments.
D.
stress on the development of an introvert temperament.
49.
(p. 78)
Which of the following is a guideline that you should follow when giving attitude-improving
feedback?
A.
You should deal with facts rather than opinions.
B.
You should stress on the development of an external locus of control.
C.
You should deal with judgments rather than descriptions.
D.
You should stress on the development of a pessimistic temperament.
50.
(p. 78)
Gina, a customer care executive, is an introvert who prefers to keep to herself. Her attitude
has negatively affected the image of her company. Gina’s supervisor has decided to give
her feedback on how to improve her attitude. Which of the following feedback is likely to be
most effective in changing Gina’s attitude?
A.
“I think you are not fit for this job.”
B.
“Why don’t you change your attitude?”
C.
“Why don’t you try being more friendly with your customers?”
D.
“In my opinion, you need to be more sensitive toward others and not be self-absorbed
all the time.”
51.
(p. 80)
Which of the following is most likely to have a positive effect on job attitudes?
A.
Mentally challenging work that is extremely demanding
B.
Training programs for increasing the external locus of employees
C.
Rewards that are in line with an individual’s ambition
D.
Work conditions that make accomplishing goals challenging
52.
(p. 80)
To help job attitudes, an employer should:
A.
provide mentally challenging work that is difficult to manage.
B.
encourage employees to develop an external locus of control.
C.
encourage employees to develop personal interest in their work.
D.
make accomplishing goals challenging.
53.
(p. 80)
Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship behavior?
A.
It is an attitude of willingness to go above and beyond the behaviors that are generally
associated with life in the workplace.
B.
It is an attitude that results from healthy self-esteem, optimism, extraversion, and
personal control.
C.
It is the ability of one person to influence another person in the workplace.
D.
It is the tendency of a person to justify unethical behavior with excuses.
54.
(p. 80)
Which of the following best exemplifies organizational citizenship behavior?
A.
The management at Azalea Florists offers extra bonuses to all employees who
volunteered for the community marathon for health awareness.
B.
Pam, a new employee at Azalea Florists, requests the HR manager for detailed
information on the leave and health benefits in order to organize her plans for the year.
C.
Zelda, the accounting head at Azalea Florists, teaches English to some of her Spanish–
speaking colleagues who find it difficult to manage English-speaking customers.
D.
Earl Young, the new HR manager at Azalea Florists, suggests that a crèche be opened
within office premises to help employees with young children.
55.
(p. 81)
_____ are the worth or importance you attach to different factors in your life.
A.
Values
B.
Attitudes
C.
Perceptions
D.
Beliefs
56.
(p. 81)
A system built up with shared values throughout any given company or other organization
is known as:
A.
organization harmony.
B.
corporate governance.
C.
corporate culture.
D.
organizational behavior.
57.
(p. 81)
Which of the following statements is true about values and attitudes?
A.
Attitudes are inborn and values are developed on the basis of observation and attitudes.
B.
Attitudes are much deeper than values and they often conflict with the former.
C.
Values and attitudes are two different names for the same set of perceptions.
D.
Values affect attitudes, and values conflicts with other people involve attitude
problems.
58.
(p. 81)
Which of the following best describes values?
A.
It is the evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects.
B.
It is the way people conceive or see themselves.
C.
It is the worth or importance people attach to different factors in their life.
D.
It is the awareness of reality, which allows people to ponder and reflect.
59.
(p. 81)
Statistics expert Daniel Yankelovich believes that _____ give Americans a certain amount of
self-esteem, a fairly clear idea of who they are.
A.
middle-class values
B.
terminal values
C.
egocentric values
D.
affiliation needs
60.
(p. 82)
According to Daniel Yankelovich, which of the following is one of the value patterns that
have emerged among Americans since the early 1970s?
A.
Americans now strongly value character over personality.
B.
Leisure time is more valued, mostly because it has become a rarer commodity.
C.
The nature of a person’s paid job is less significant.
D.
Americans now insist much more strongly that jobs become more impersonal.
61.
(p. 82)
The three value areas identified by Daniel Yankelovich have created more emphasis on:
A.
reducing individual freedom of choice.
B.
a movement away from flexible work systems toward rigid work systems.
C.
a desire to live more closely with nature and community.
D.
the autocratic style of management.
62.
(p. 83)
The values of _____ were most affected by radio networks.
A.
generation Y
B.
pre-baby boomers
C.
baby boomers
D.
generation X