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Student name:__________
1) Describe the levels of culture proposed by Schein. Provide examples for each level.
2) What is PO fit and why is it important to employers?
3) What issues are associated with less structured and informal approaches to socialization?
4) What major activities comprise the accommodation stage of socialization?
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5) The results of the Mitroff and Denton research led them to identify a number of distinct
models that describe how workplace spirituality can be practiced. Describe these models.
6) Describe the concept of artifacts as it relates to the discussion of culture. Include in your
answers examples of what may be considered artifacts in the specific setting of this school.
7) The values, norms, customs, and rituals of cultures are influenced by _______________.
A) politics
B) religion
C) language
D) All of the choices are correct.
8) ____________ is the sum total of the beliefs, rituals, rules, customs, artifacts, and
institutions that characterize the population of the nation.
A) Culture
B) A national culture
C) A national perspective
D) A guiding perspective
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9) Hofstede’s five value dimensions are power distance, individualism, uncertainty
avoidance, masculinity, and _______________.
A) accommodation
B) femininity
C) integrity
D) long-term orientation
10) Which of the following channels is likely to help pass values from one generation to the
next?
A) Religion
B) Communities
C) The education system
D) All of the choices are correct.
11) __________ are the conscious, affective desires or wants of people that guide behavior.
A) Cultures
B) Values
C) Needs
D) Wants
12) The concept of _______________ refers to the extent to which people in a society feel
threatened by ambiguous situations.
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A) low power distance
B) aggressiveness
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) individualism
13) In countries with lower levels of uncertainty avoidance, _______________.
A) organizational activities are less formal
B) more risk taking occurs
C) there is high job mobility
D) All of the choices are correct.
14) Considerable conflict between job and family roles reflects a high level of the societal
value of _______________.
A) power distance
B) masculinity
C) uncertainty avoidance
D) individualism
15) _______________ is the degree to which members of a society or organization use rules,
regulations, and social norms to avoid uncertainty or unpredictable future events.
A) Power distance
B) Societal collectivism
C) Future orientation
D) Uncertainty avoidance
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16) The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) project was
conceived by ____________.
A) Geert Hofstede
B) E.H. Schein
C) Robert House
D) Ronald King
17) Performance orientation is the degree to which:
A) Members of organizations are aggressive and confrontational in social relationships.
B) Individuals in a society are rewarded for performance improvement and excellence.
C) Members of a society or organization use rules, regulations, and social norms to
avoid uncertainty or unpredictable future events.
D) Individuals express loyalty, pride, and cohesiveness in their organizations and
families.
18) Within the Globe Project, ________________ refers to the extent to which an
organization avoids gender discrimination and role inequities.
A) masculinity
B) gender egalitarianism
C) gender orientation
D) justice
19) Within the Globe Project, ________________ refers to the degree to which individuals in
an organization are rewarded for being friendly, altruistic, fair, caring, and kind to others.
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A) egalitarianism
B) agreeable orientation
C) humane orientation
D) altruistic orientation
20) A company’s annual report, approved dress code, and office layout are examples of
_______________ within an organization.
A) symbols
B) sages
C) compliance producing items
D) artifacts
21) The culture at Walt Disney is manifested through all of the following except:
A) Shared sayings.
B) Similar demographic characteristics.
C) Shared things.
D) Shared behavior.
22) Herb Kelleher, one of the founders of Southwest Airlines, helped create a culture of
commitment by:
A) Pitching in to help employees as he traveled around doing business.
B) Rewarding the most productive and upbeat employees.
C) Conducting regular and intense team-building sessions.
D) All of the answers are correct.
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23) The core values of Southwest Airlines consist of all of the following elements except:
A) A warrior spirit
B) A servant’s heart
C) A fun-loving attitude
D) An unwavering commitment
24) Researchers have _________________ a specific culture contributes to positive
effectiveness in comparison to less effective firms with another cultural profile.
A) definitively related
B) found
C) suggested
D) been unable to show that
25) Research suggests that, when ethics codes are developed and enforced within an
organization, they have a positive impact on _______________.
A) job satisfaction
B) esprit de corps
C) organizational commitment
D) All of the choices are correct.
26) _____ can be defined as the amount of perceived support employees receive from their
co-workers, supervisor, and other departments that helps them successfully perform their job
duties.
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A) BOC
B) HFC
C) HGC
D) SOC
27) Attempting to change a culture generally requires all of the following except:
A) Difficult techniques
B) A new company leader
C) Rare skills
D) Considerable time
28) A supportive organizational climate can be defined as the amount of perceived support
employees receive from their ___________ that helps them successfully perform their job duties.
A) co-workers
B) supervisor
C) other departments
D) All of the above
29) Socialization processes are the activities by which an individual comes to appreciate the
_______________ essential for assuming an organizational role, and for participating as an
organization member.
A) values
B) abilities
C) expected behaviors
D) All of the choices are correct.
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30) _______________ is the process by which organizations bring new employees into the
culture.
A) Alteration
B) Maturation
C) Socialization
D) Normalization
31) Employees are more likely to adjust to a new job and be accepted socially if they use a
_______________ approach to learning about how things work, who makes the decisions, and
what the organization values.
A) proactive
B) laid-back
C) scientific
D) sequential
32) The sink or swim approach to socialization ___________.
A) is preferred to others
B) should never be used
C) may work
D) may present significant legal issues for organizations
33) Organizational socialization is most important when an individual __________________.
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A) first takes a job
B) retires from the organization
C) has failed to meet performance expectations
D) All of the above are correct.
34) People are vitally interested in two kinds of information before entering a new job or
organization. They attempt to assess the firm’s ______________________.
A) culture and if they are suited to the jobs available in the organization
B) pay and benefits
C) history and values
D) culture and climate
35) The socialization that occurs before someone enters an organization, or takes a different
job within an organization, is the _______________ stage of socialization.
A) accommodation
B) anticipatory
C) role management
D) assessment
36) Organizational socialization processes _______ from organization to organization.
A) by law must not vary
B) may vary in form but not content
C) vary in form and content
D) must by law vary by employee
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37) All of the following activities comprise the accommodation stage except:
A) Establishing new interpersonal relationships
B) Learning the task required to perform the job
C) Clarifying one’s role in the organization and in formal and informal groups
D) Forming an initial impression of the job and the organization
38) During the _______________ stage, a broader set of issues and problems arises, which
results in conflict, including conflict between work groups.
A) anticipatory socialization
B) accommodation
C) role management
D) All of the choices are correct.
39) Conflict between an individual’s work group and other work groups within the
organization usually surface during the _______________ socialization stage.
A) anticipatory
B) accommodation
C) role management
D) All of the choices are correct.
40) In work organizations, a mentor can provide ___________ to a younger, less-experienced
protégé.
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A) coaching
B) friendship
C) role modeling
D) All of the above.
41) All of the following practices are found during the accommodation socialization stage
except:
A) Professional counseling
B) Social skills training
C) Demanding but fair supervisors
D) Supportive and accurate feedback
42) All of the following recommendations are presented in “How to Become a Great Mentor”
except:
A) Give up your personal mentor
B) Don’t be afraid, to be honest
C) Work at building trust and feeling it yourself
D) Don’t keep your feelings bottled up
43) Which of the following is the least likely to be a turning point during a mentoring
relationship?
A) The senior manager becomes less available
B) A job rotation or promotion limits continued interaction
C) Peer status is achieved
D) A sudden increase in opportunities for interaction around work tasks
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44) All of the following are phases of the mentoring process except:
A) Separation
B) Cultivation
C) Realism
D) Redefinition
45) Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as an
evolutionary model of spirituality?
A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry’s
D) Cirque Du Soleil
46) Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as the
socially responsible model of spirituality?
A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry’s
D) Cirque Du Soleil
47) Which of the following is an example of what Mitroff and Denton characterized as the
recovery model of spirituality?
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A) YMCA
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Ben & Jerry’s
D) Cirque Du Soleil
48) Which of the following statements about spirituality is false?
A) Spirituality is a personal and private path.
B) Spirituality contains elements of many religions.
C) Spirituality grows from self-inquiry.
D) None of the statements are false.
49) One study of the spirituality of medical units within a hospital system found
_______________________.
A) patient infection rates decreased with increased staff spirituality
B) unit leaders did not impact the degree to which unit members expressed workplace
spirituality
C) that work units’ spirituality was associated with the unit’s performance
D) All of the choices are correct.
50) Research by Mitroff and Denton found that there was ___________ agreement about the
meaning of spirituality.
A) weak
B) diverse
C) near-unanimous
D) unanimous
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51) ____________ has been defined as “the desire to find ultimate meaning and purpose in
one’s life and to live an integrated life.”
A) Religiousality
B) Spirituality
C) Transformationality
D) None of the above.
52) A study of spirituality reported that organizational spirituality was positively correlated
to:
A) Employee job involvement
B) Organizational identification
C) Work rewards satisfaction
D) All of the choices are correct.
53) A survey by Mitroff and Denton found all of the following to be true except:
A) Employees who are more spiritually involved achieve better results.
B) Most employees feel free to act on their spirituality in the workplace.
C) People differentiate strongly between religion and spirituality.
D) Most people define spirituality as “the desire to find ultimate meaning and purpose in
one’s life and to live an integrated life.”
54) According to the text, which of the following organizations is an example of using a
values-based model of spirituality?
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A) Alcoholics Anonymous
B) Kingston Technology
C) Ben & Jerry’s
D) YMCA
55) Spirituality in the workplace _________.
A) is always positive
B) is always a negative
C) may have a negative side
D) is appropriate only in religious organization
56) The “separation” phase of the mentor relationship occurs after the _____________ phase.
A) cultivation
B) redefinition
C) friendship
D) conflict
57) What is the difference between a “long-term” orientation and a “short-term” orientation?
58) Hofstede’s research indicates that national cultures exist. Do you believe that in a
heterogeneous nation, such as the United States, a national culture that is shared by society does
exist?
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59) How can a leader or founder help create a strong culture in an organization? Can a leader
eliminate culture? Explain.
60) Nordstrom’s is presented in the text as an example of a particular type of culture. What is
that culture and briefly how does Nordstrom’s reinforce it?
61) What is the impact of values based codes of behavior on the employees of an
organization?
62) Present and briefly discuss one of the diversity initiatives currently underway at PepsiCo.
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63) You’ve been hired as a consultant and your supervisor glibly states that organizational
culture is easy to measure. Being an expert on organizational culture, how do you respond?
64) List three forms of cultural communication commonly found within organizations.
65) What is socialization?
66) List three ways in which organizations can structure the socialization process for new
employees.
67) At what point during a career are individuals most aware of the socialization process?
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68) What two kinds of information are people vitally interested in obtaining before entering a
new job or organization?
69) Identify the three stages of socialization. Which of these stages is most important for
developing high-performing employees, and why?
70) Is socialization only for organizational newcomers?
71) What is the best way to learn how to be a mentor?
72) Mentoring is a unique, reciprocal, learning partnership between two people that involves
psychosocial and career support. Name three of those support functions, as identified by Kram.
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73) What were three of Mitroff and Denton’s findings?
74) What is meant by the term “spirituality”?
75) Can spirituality be measured validly and reliably? How?
76) Organizations can operate efficiently only when shared values exist among the
employees.
⊚ true
⊚ false
77) Values are a society’s ideas about what is right or wrong, such as the belief that hurting
someone is immoral.
⊚ true
⊚ false
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78) Values do not simply appear they evolve.
⊚ true
⊚ false
79) The effect of values on workplace productivity and effectiveness is easily determined.
⊚ true
⊚ false
80) The extent to which subordinates accept unequal power is the same across countries.
⊚ true
⊚ false
81) In countries in which people display low power distance, employees acknowledge the
boss’s authority and typically follow the chain of command.
⊚ true
⊚ false
82) In countries with high masculinity, one finds less conflict and stress when it comes to
balancing home and work life.
⊚ true
⊚ false
83) An organization’s culture can’t be seen, sensed, or felt.
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⊚ true
⊚ false
84) Organizational culture creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations in employees.
⊚ true
⊚ false
85) A person’s feelings and perceptions are usually kept at the conscious level.
⊚ true
⊚ false
86) One impact of culture on employees indicate that it provides and encourages a form of
stability.
⊚ true
⊚ false
87) A strong culture is characterized by employees sharing core values but not necessarily
agreeing with the way things should be done within the organization.
⊚ true
⊚ false
88) Southwest Airlines has established a strong culture in part due to its hiring practices.
Their approach is to hire candidate if they possess the company’s core values.
⊚ true
⊚ false
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89) Rituals, history, humor, and employee rewards have established and reinforced a strong
culture that resulted in Nordstrom’s being recognized as a leader in how to treat customers.
⊚ true
⊚ false
90) Terry adheres to required dress code without complaint. This compliance may be taken as
a general indicator of Terry’s cultural commitment.
⊚ true
⊚ false
91) Employees that are cultural misfits may present specific and significant harm to an
organization, and as such, they should be separated with due haste.
⊚ true
⊚ false
92) As the needs of an organization change, its employees must adapt to those new needs.
That is, they must continue to be socialized.
⊚ true
⊚ false
93) In the role management stage of socialization, individuals become organizational
members and see the job and organization for what they are.
⊚ true
⊚ false
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94) Individuals who experience realism and congruence during the anticipatory stage of
socialization have a less stressful accommodation stage.
⊚ true
⊚ false
95) Generally, individuals having unmanaged stress works to the advantage of the
organization.
⊚ true
⊚ false
96) Research indicates that most managers have never had a mentor.
⊚ true
⊚ false
97) Mentoring relationships generally last from six months to nine months.
⊚ true
⊚ false
98) People are attracted to mentors who look, act and communicate like them.
⊚ true
⊚ false
99) Over the past decade research in to spirituality has grown out of favor.
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⊚ true
⊚ false
100) Workplace spirituality is the same as workplace religion.
⊚ true
⊚ false
101) Someone who is promoting and prodding others to show or be more spiritual may also be
disrupting the work performance of colleagues.
⊚ true
⊚ false
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Answer Key
Test name: chapter 2
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